同调球面的面数
The face numbers of homology spheres
AI总结:
本文通过构造多面体复形上的应力代数,证明其Gorenstein性和弱Lefschetz性质,从而证明了单纯实同调球面的$g$-猜想。
摘要:
$g$-定理是组合学中一项重大结果,它给出了单纯凸多面体的面数的完整数值刻画。$g$-猜想断言,$g$-定理中给出的同样数值条件也刻画了所有单纯球面,甚至更一般地,所有单纯同调球面的面数。在本文中,我们证明了单纯$\mathbb{R}$-同调球面的$g$-猜想。我们证明中的一个关键思想是用于多面体复形的一种新代数结构。给定一个多面体$d$-复形$Δ$,我们利用刚性理论的思想构造一个分次Artinian $\mathbb{R}$-代数$Ψ(Δ,ν)$,其元素为$Δ$在$\mathbb{R}^d$中的一个PL实现$ν$上的应力,其中允许已实现的$d$-面发生重叠。特别地,我们证明了:如果$Δ$是一个单纯$\mathbb{R}$-同调球面,那么对于一般的PL实现$ν$,应力代数$Ψ(Δ,ν)$是Gorenstein的,并且具有弱Lefschetz性质。
英文摘要:
The $g$-theorem is a momentous result in combinatorics that gives a complete numerical characterization of the face numbers of simplicial convex polytopes. The $g$-conjecture asserts that the same numerical conditions given in the $g$-theorem also characterizes the face numbers of all simplicial spheres, or even more generally, all simplicial homology spheres. In this paper, we prove the $g$-conjecture for simplicial $\mathbb{R}$-homology spheres. A key idea in our proof is a new algebra structure for polytopal complexes. Given a polytopal $d$-complex $Δ$, we use ideas from rigidity theory to construct a graded Artinian $\mathbb{R}$-algebra $Ψ(Δ,ν)$ of stresses on a PL realization $ν$ of $Δ$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$, where overlapping realized $d$-faces are allowed. In particular, we prove that if $Δ$ is a simplicial $\mathbb{R}$-homology sphere, then for generic PL realizations $ν$, the stress algebra $Ψ(Δ,ν)$ is Gorenstein and has the weak Lefschetz property.
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