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arXiv 1706.03320astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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Chamaeleon I中原行星盘的CO同位素体发射的ALMA调查

An ALMA Survey of CO isotopologue emission from Protoplanetary Disks in Chamaeleon I

Feng Long, Gregory J. Herczeg, Ilaria Pascucci, Emily Drabek-Maunder, Subhanjoy Mohanty, Leonardo Testi, Daniel Apai, Nathan Hendler, Thomas Henning, Carlo F. M… 展开作者

Feng Long, Gregory J. Herczeg, Ilaria Pascucci, Emily Drabek-Maunder, Subhanjoy Mohanty, Leonardo Testi, Daniel Apai, Nathan Hendler, Thomas Henning, Carlo F. Manara, Gijs D. Mulders

摘要:

原行星盘的质量限制了任何行星的形成和未来的生长。原行星盘的质量通常是通过假设星际气体与尘埃的比例,通过测量尘埃的连续辐射来计算的。为了研究CO作为盘质量的替代探针的实用性,我们使用ALMA调查$^{13}$ CO和C $^{18}$ O J = $3-2$线发射的93个原行星盘周围的恒星和棕矮星的质量从0.03 - 2 M $_{\odot}$在附近的Chamaeleon I恒星形成区域。我们检测到$^{13}$ CO排放的17个来源和C $^{18}$ O从只有一个来源。气体质量的磁盘,然后估计通过比较CO线光度的结果,从公布的磁盘模型,包括CO冻结和同位素选择性光解。假设典型的ISM CO与H的$_2$比为$10^{-4}$,则得到的气体质量低得令人难以置信,从堆积的$^{13}$ CO谱线的平均通量推断,平均气体质量为$\sim$ 0.05 M $_{Jup}$。Cha I盘的低气体质量和气尘比都与来自狼疮恒星形成区的盘的类似结果一致。微弱的CO谱线发射可以解释,而如果磁盘有更高的气体质量,但冻结出的CO或复杂的碳轴承分子被低估的磁盘模型。CO通量到CO气体质量的转换也受到盘结构的不确定性的影响,这可能影响气体温度。CO排放线将只有一个很好的示踪剂的磁盘质量时,C和CO耗尽模型被证实是准确的。

英文摘要:

The mass of a protoplanetary disk limits the formation and future growth of any planet. Masses of protoplanetary disks are usually calculated from measurements of the dust continuum emission by assuming an interstellar gas-to-dust ratio. To investigate the utility of CO as an alternate probe of disk mass, we use ALMA to survey $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O J = $3-2$ line emission from a sample of 93 protoplanetary disks around stars and brown dwarfs with masses from 0.03 -- 2 M$_{\odot}$ in the nearby Chamaeleon I star-forming region. We detect $^{13}$CO emission from 17 sources and C$^{18}$O from only one source. Gas masses for disks are then estimated by comparing the CO line luminosities to results from published disk models that include CO freeze-out and isotope-selective photodissociation. Under the assumption of a typical ISM CO-to-H$_2$ ratios of $10^{-4}$, the resulting gas masses are implausibly low, with an average gas mass of $\sim$ 0.05 M$_{Jup}$ as inferred from the average flux of stacked $^{13}$CO lines. The low gas masses and gas-to-dust ratios for Cha I disks are both consistent with similar results from disks in the Lupus star-forming region. The faint CO line emission may instead be explained if disks have much higher gas masses, but freeze-out of CO or complex C-bearing molecules is underestimated in disk models. The conversion of CO flux to CO gas mass also suffers from uncertainties in disk structures, which could affect gas temperatures. CO emission lines will only be a good tracer of the disk mass when models for C and CO depletion are confirmed to be accurate.

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