伽利略的影响有多大？“两新科学”初六的打击乐
How big was Galileo's impact? Percussion in the Sixth Day of the "Two New Sciences"
摘要：
关于撞击力的《Giornata Sesta》是伽利略的代表作《论两门新科学》中相对不太为人所知的一章。这本书首次出版是在1718年，早在《两门新科学》第一版（1638年）和伽利略去世（1642年）之后。Giornata Sesta专注于如何量化运动中的物体引起的撞击力，并描述了一个非常有趣的实验，称为“两桶实验”。在本文中，我们回顾了伽利略报道的这个实验，建立了一个稳态理论模型，并数值求解了它的瞬态形式;此外，我们还报道了一个真实的简化的类似实验的结果。最后，我们讨论了伽利略得出的结论--正确的，尽管可能不明显的不平衡--表明他没有报告他的设置中的推力分量--这将是正确计算撞击力的基础。
英文摘要：
The Giornata Sesta about the Force of Percussion is a relatively less known Chapter from the Galileo's masterpiece "Discourse about Two New Sciences". It was first published lately (1718), long after the first edition of the Two New Sciences (1638) and Galileo's death (1642). The Giornata Sesta focuses on how to quantify the percussion force caused by a body in movement, and describes a very interesting experiment known as "the two-bucket experiment". In this paper, we review this experiment reported by Galileo, develop a steady-state theoretical model, and solve its transient form numerically; additionally, we report the results from one real simplified analogous experiment. Finally, we discuss the conclusions drawn by Galileo -- correct, despite a probably unnoticeable imbalance --, showing that he did not report the thrust force component in his setup -- which would be fundamental for the correct calculation of the percussion force.
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