从正则到巨正则的经典场系综的连续统及其等价性的开始
Continuum of classical-field ensembles from canonical to grand canonical and the onset of their equivalence
摘要：
正则系综和巨正则系综是超冷玻色气体的两种常见边缘情况，但实验运行的真实集合通常具有中间性质。在这里，我们研究了中间的情况下连续，并期待在外观的合奏等效的相互作用上升介观一维系统。我们演示了如何在足够的相互作用强度的冷凝物和激发原子的分布变得几乎相同，无论所使用的合奏。重要的是，我们发现，功能是脆弱的理想气体，只出现在一个严格的正则系综可以成为强大的所有系综时，相互作用变得很强。作为证据，激发态原子数分布的陡峭悬崖被保留了下来。为了进行这项研究，一个简单的方法产生的正则和中间经典场系综使用修改后的随机Gross-Pitaevskii方程（SGPE）。
英文摘要：
The canonical and grand-canonical ensembles are two usual marginal cases for ultracold Bose gases, but real collections of experimental runs commonly have intermediate properties. Here we study the continuum of intermediate cases, and look into the appearance of ensemble equivalence as interaction rises for mesoscopic 1d systems. We demonstrate how at sufficient interaction strength the distributions of condensate and excited atoms become practically identical regardless of the ensemble used. Importantly, we find that features that are fragile in the ideal gas and appear only in a strict canonical ensemble can become robust in all ensembles when interactions become strong. As evidence, the steep cliff in the distribution of the number of excited atoms is preserved. To make this study, a straightforward approach for generating canonical and intermediate classical field ensembles using a modified stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation (SGPE) is developed.
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