无序颗粒链中超扩散和亚扩散能量输运的直接测量
Direct measurement of superdiffusive and subdiffusive energy transport in disordered granular chains
摘要：
一个多世纪以来，对非均质材料中能量输运性质的研究一直吸引着科学界的兴趣，并继续提供基本而丰富的问题。其中一个尚未解决的挑战是将安德森理论扩展到凝聚态系统中不相关和完全无序的晶格，以适应额外效应与无序竞争的物理环境。具体来说，强非线性的影响在很大程度上是未经实验研究的，部分原因是缺乏可以以可控方式将无序和非线性的影响结合起来的测试平台。在这里，我们提出了第一个系统的实验研究的能量输运和本地化的性质，同时无序和非线性颗粒晶体。我们的实验表明，无序和非线性-这是从几十年的研究中已知的单独有利于能量本地化-可以在某种意义上“相互抵消”，导致波本地化的破坏。我们还报告说，无序和非线性的综合效应，可以使操纵的能量传输速度在颗粒晶体从subdiffusively超扩散范围。
英文摘要：
The study of energy transport properties in heterogeneous materials has attracted scientific interest for more than a century, and it continues to offer fundamental and rich questions. One of the unanswered challenges is to extend Anderson theory for uncorrelated and fully disordered lattices in condensed-matter systems to physical settings in which additional effects compete with disorder. Specifically, the effect of strong nonlinearity has been largely unexplored experimentally, partly due to the paucity of testbeds that can combine the effect of disorder and nonlinearity in a controllable manner. Here we present the first systematic experimental study of energy transport and localization properties in simultaneously disordered and nonlinear granular crystals. We demonstrate experimentally that disorder and nonlinearity --- which are known from decades of studies to individually favor energy localization --- can in some sense "cancel each other out", resulting in the destruction of wave localization. We also report that the combined effect of disorder and nonlinearity can enable the manipulation of energy transport speed in granular crystals from subdiffusive to superdiffusive ranges.
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