东亚毫米/亚毫米VLBI愿景白皮书：迈向1~R角分辨率的黑洞天体物理学$_{S}$
White Paper on East Asian Vision for mm/submm VLBI: Toward Black Hole Astrophysics down to Angular Resolution of 1~R$_{S}$
摘要：
本白皮书详细介绍了东亚甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）界推动毫米/亚毫米VLBI前沿的意图和计划。为此，我们将努力积极推动东亚地区的协调努力。我们的目标是在东亚VLBI界与北美和欧洲的相关机构建立紧密的合作关系，并扩展现有的全球毫米/亚毫米VLBI阵列，用于：（a）探测黑洞附近，最终角分辨率可达1~R $_{S}$（史瓦西半径）和（b）研究恒星形成区和晚型恒星中星周气体的动力学，和活动星系核（AGN）周围的环核气体。在本白皮书的前半部分，我们重点介绍了东亚（EA）VLBI社区的科学成就。本文介绍了VLBI对M87、Sgr A*、耀变体、窄线Seyfert~1星系和致密对称天体的研究结果，并简要介绍了VLBI科学的发展前景。讨论了活动星系核周围的恒星形成、恒星演化和吸积盘物理的脉泽科学。本文介绍了利用毫米/亚毫米VLBI和阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米波阵（ALMA）进行多次跃迁脉泽研究的新设想。在本白皮书的后半部分，我们描述了EA社区在事件视界望远镜（EHT）和全球毫米VLBI阵列（GMVA）的框架或扩展版本中使用毫米/亚毫米VLBI阵列的愿景。上述目标的实现将最大限度地提高世界毫米/亚毫米VLBI的整体科学成果。
英文摘要：
This White Paper details the intentions and plans of the East Asian Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) community for pushing the frontiers of millimeter/submillimeter VLBI. To this end, we shall endeavor to actively promote coordinated efforts in the East Asia region. Our goal is to establish firm collaborations among the East Asia VLBI community in partnership with related institutes in North America and Europe and to expand existing global mm/submm VLBI arrays for (a) exploring the vicinity of black holes with an ultimate angular resolution down to 1~R$_{S}$ (Schwarzschild radius) and (b) investigating the dynamics of circumstellar gas in star-forming regions and late-type stars, and circumnuclear gas around active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In the first half of this White Paper, we highlight scientific accomplishments of the East Asia (EA) VLBI community. Various VLBI research results on M87, Sgr A*, blazars, narrow-line Seyfert~1 galaxies, and compact symmetric objects are described, and future visions of our VLBI science are briefly presented. Maser science of star formation, stellar evolution, and physics of accretion disks around AGNs are also discussed. A new vision for conducting multi-transition maser studies using mm/submm VLBI together with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) is described. In the second half of this White Paper, we describe the EA community's vision for using mm/submm VLBI arrays in the framework or extended version of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA). The accomplishment of the aforementioned goal will maximize the overall scientific outcomes of mm/submm VLBI in the world.
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