作为SU（2）光子热气体的宇宙微波背景：对高z宇宙学模型和$H_0$值的意义
Cosmic Microwave Background as a thermal gas of SU(2) photons: Implications for the high-z cosmological model and the value of $H_0$
摘要：
目前，我们在最基本的宇宙学参数--哈勃常数$H_0$上正面临着一个3 $σ$的张力。这种紧张关系出现时，拟合拉姆达冷暗物质模型（$Λ$ CDM）的高精度温度-温度（TT）功率谱的宇宙微波背景（CMB）和当地的宇宙学观测。我们提出了一个解决这个问题的假设，即宇宙微波背景的热光子气体服从SU（2）而不是U（1）规范原理，提出了一个没有暗物质的高$z$宇宙学模型。在观测上，我们依赖于精确的低频强度测量的CMB谱和最近的模型独立（低$z$）提取之间的关系的共动声视界$r_s$在重子拖曳时代和$H_0$（$r_s H_0 = \text{const}$）结束。我们指出，通常采用的重子速度冻结出的条件是不精确的，通过仔细检查相关的欧拉方程的形式解来判断。因此，上述3 $σ$张力实际上转变为5 $σ$差异。为了与成功的低$z$ $Λ$ CDM宇宙学联系起来，我们提出了一种基于普朗克尺度轴子凝聚体的膨胀/去膨胀涡旋的插值。对于这样的一个全$z$模型的第一个一致性测试，我们计算光子去耦的声音地平线的角度尺度。
英文摘要：
Presently, we are facing a 3$σ$ tension in the most basic cosmological parameter -- the Hubble constant $H_0$. This tension arises when fitting the Lambda-cold-dark-matter model ($Λ$CDM) to the high-precision temperature-temperature (TT) power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and to local cosmological observations. We propose a resolution of this problem by postulating that the thermal photon gas of the CMB obeys an SU(2) rather than U(1) gauge principle, suggesting a high-$z$ cosmological model which is void of dark matter. Observationally, we rely on precise low-frequency intensity measurements in the CMB spectrum and on a recent model independent (low-$z$) extraction of the relation between the comoving sound horizon $r_s$ at the end of the baryon drag epoch and $H_0$ ($r_s H_0 = \text{const}$). We point out that the commonly employed condition for baryon-velocity freeze-out is imprecise, judged by a careful inspection of the formal solution to the associated Euler equation. As a consequence, the above mentioned 3$σ$ tension actually transforms into a 5$σ$ discrepancy. To make contact with successful low-$z$ $Λ$CDM cosmology we propose an interpolation based on percolated/depercolated vortices of a Planck-scale axion condensate. For a first consistency test of such an all-$z$ model we compute the angular scale of the sound horizon at photon decoupling.
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