FeAs-CaFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$ -KFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$体系中超导体FeAs-CaFe $_{4}$ As $_{4}$晶体生长的优化
Optimization of the Crystal Growth of the Superconductor CaKFe$_{4}$As$_{4}$ from Solution in the FeAs-CaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$-KFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ System
摘要：
单晶各向异性特性的测量在探索新材料的物理特性中起着至关重要的作用。对于多组分化合物来说，确定产生合适的高质量单晶的生长方案可能特别具有挑战性。在这里，我们提出了一个案例研究，我们如何完善的程序，从高温，四元液体溶液中富含铁和砷（“FeAs自熔剂”）生长单晶的CaKFe $_{4}$作为$_{4}$。除了X射线衍射之外，还强调温度依赖的电阻和磁化测量，以检测似乎是单晶内的交互生长的CaKFe $_{4}$ As $_{4}$、CaFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$和KFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$。在相平衡规则和这些数据的指导下，我们调整了生长参数以抑制杂质相的形成。由此优化的程序产生相纯的单晶体的CaKFe $_{4}$ As $_{4}$。该优化过程提供了四元化合物的生长的洞察和四组分相图中的伪三元FeAs-CaFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$ -KFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$系统的一瞥。
英文摘要：
Measurements of the anisotropic properties of single crystals play a crucial role in probing the physics of new materials. Determining a growth protocol that yields suitable high-quality single crystals can be particularly challenging for multi-component compounds. Here we present a case study of how we refined a procedure to grow single crystals of CaKFe$_{4}$As$_{4}$ from a high temperature, quaternary liquid solution rich in iron and arsenic ("FeAs self-flux"). Temperature dependent resistance and magnetization measurements are emphasized, in addition to the x-ray diffraction, to detect inter-grown CaKFe$_{4}$As$_{4}$, CaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ and KFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ within, what appear to be, single crystals. Guided by the rules of phase equilibria and these data, we adjusted growth parameters to suppress formation of the impurity phases. The resulting optimized procedure yielded phase-pure single crystals of CaKFe$_{4}$As$_{4}$. This optimization process offers insight into the growth of quaternary compounds and a glimpse of the four-component phase diagram in the pseudo-ternary FeAs-CaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$-KFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ system.
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