KMOS深度巡天（KDS）I：z $\simeq$ 3.5典型恒星形成星系的动力学测量
The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) I: dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z $\simeq$ 3.5
摘要：
本文介绍了KMOS（K波段多目标摄谱仪）深度巡天（KDS）的动力学测量结果，KDS包括77个典型的恒星形成星系，z $\simeq$ 3.5，质量范围9.0 < log（M $_{\star}$ /M $_{\odot}$）< 10.5。这些测量约束了高红移宇宙中星系的内部动力学、内禀速度色散（σ $_{int}$）和自转速度（V $_{C}$）。在我们的样本中星系的平均速度色散是σ $_{int}$ = $70.8^{+3.3}_{-3.1}$ km s $^{-1}$，揭示了随着红移的增加而增加的平均σ $_{int}$，对于z $\lesssim2$报告的，持续到z $\simeq$ 3.5。只有34个$\pm$ 8%的星系是旋转主导的（V $_{C}$ /σ $_{int}$ > 1），样本平均V $_{C}$ /σ $_{int}$值比低红移时小得多。在仔细选择可比的恒星形成的样本在多个时期，我们发现，旋转占主导地位的分数与红移的z $^{-0.2}$的依赖性。旋转主导的KDS星系没有显示出明显的偏离本地旋转速度-恒星质量（即V $_{C}$ -M $_{\star}$）的关系，虽然一个较小的分数的星系的关系，由于色散主导的分数的增加。这些意见是一致的一个简单的平衡模型的图片，在高红移星系中的随机运动，提高气体分数的组合，吸积效率，特定的恒星形成率和恒星反馈，并可能提供显着的压力支持对银河系盘尺度上的重力。
英文摘要：
We present dynamical measurements from the KMOS (K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph) Deep Survey (KDS), which is comprised of 77 typical star-forming galaxies at z $\simeq$ 3.5 in the mass range 9.0 < log(M$_{\star}$/M$_{\odot}$) < 10.5. These measurements constrain the internal dynamics, the intrinsic velocity dispersions (σ$_{int}$) and rotation velocities (V$_{C}$) of galaxies in the high redshift Universe. The mean velocity dispersion of the galaxies in our sample is σ$_{int}$ = $70.8^{+3.3}_{-3.1}$ km s$^{-1}$, revealing that the increasing average σ$_{int}$ with increasing redshift, reported for z $\lesssim2$, continues out to z $\simeq$ 3.5. Only 34 $\pm$ 8% of our galaxies are rotation-dominated (V$_{C}$/σ$_{int}$ > 1), with the sample average V$_{C}$/σ$_{int}$ value much smaller than at lower redshift. After carefully selecting comparable star-forming samples at multiple epochs, we find that the rotation-dominated fraction evolves with redshift with a z$^{-0.2}$ dependence. The rotation-dominated KDS galaxies show no clear offset from the local rotation velocity-stellar mass (i.e. V$_{C}$-M$_{\star}$) relation, although a smaller fraction of the galaxies are on the relation due to the increase in the dispersion-dominated fraction. These observations are consistent with a simple equilibrium model picture, in which random motions are boosted in high redshift galaxies by a combination of the increasing gas fractions, accretion efficiency, specific star-formation rate and stellar feedback and which may provide significant pressure support against gravity on the galactic disk scale.
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