We study triangulated surface models with nontrivial surface metrices for membranes. The surface model is defined by a mapping ${\bf r}$ from a two dimensional parameter space $M$ to the three dimensional Euclidean space ${\bf R}^3$. The metric variable $g_{ab}$, which is always fixed to the Euclidean metric $δ_{ab}$, can be extended to a more general non-Euclidean metric on $M$ in the continuous model. The problem we focus on in this paper is whether such an extension is well-defined or not in the discrete model. We find that a discrete surface model with nontrivial metric becomes well-defined if it is treated in the context of Finsler geometry (FG) modeling, where triangle edge length in $M$ depends on the direction. It is also shown that the discrete FG model is orientation assymetric on invertible surfaces in general, and for this reason, the FG model has a potential advantage for describing real physical membranes, which are expected to have some assymetries for orientation changing transformations.
F1 rotary motor of ATP synthase is driven by the torsionally-asymmetric drive shaft
F1 F0 ATP合酶（ATP酶）在质子移动力（pmf）驱动的过程中促进线粒体膜和细菌内膜中ATP的合成，或者使用来自ATP水解的能量来逆着浓度梯度泵送质子穿过膜。ATP酶由两个旋转马达F0和F1组成，它们产生相反的旋转并竞争对它们共享的中央γ轴的控制。在这里，我们基于线圈γ轴扭转弹性能的不对称性，将F1电机的自洽物理模型描述为简化的两态布朗棘轮。该随机模型统一了直线电机和旋转电机的物理描述，并解释了$γ$ -轴的步进单向旋转，与Boyer的“绑定变化”思想一致。替代模型参数，所有独立已知从最近的实验中，我们的模型定量再现的ATP酶的操作，例如，“空载”角速度是ca。400~rad/s的抗张强度与实验结果基本一致。增加由F0施加的pmf扭矩可以减慢、停止和克服由F1产生的扭矩，以非常低的“失速扭矩”值从ATP水解切换到合成。我们讨论的问题的电机效率，这是非常低的，如果计算从有用的机械工作，它产生的-但相当高的“有用的结果”时，被衡量的数量H+推动对化学梯度在F1 ATP驱动的操作。
Liquid crystalline order and its impact on shape evolution of fluid lipid membranes
Technische Universität Dresden（德累斯顿工业大学）；Institut für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Technische Universität Dresden（德累斯顿大学科学计算研究所）；Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD)（德累斯顿系统生物学中心）；Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life (PoL), Technische Universität Dresden（德累斯顿大学生命物理卓越集群）
Asymmetric electrostatic properties of an electric double layer: a generalized Poisson-Boltzmann approach taking into account non-uniform size effects and water polarization
