二维准周期系统的慢弛豫和多体局域化
Probing Slow Relaxation and Many-Body Localization in Two-Dimensional Quasi-Periodic Systems
摘要：
在多体局域（MBL）量子系统中，遍历假设完全崩溃，产生了一个全新的多体相。MBL是否以及在何种条件下可以发生在更高的维度仍然是一个突出的挑战，无论是实验和理论。在这里，我们的实验研究的费米子钾原子的相互作用气体的弛豫动力学加载在一个二维光晶格与不同的准周期势沿两个方向。我们观察到一个戏剧性的放缓中间无序强度和属性这部分配置稀有区域的影响放松。除了临界无序强度，我们看到实验可达的时间尺度上可以忽略不计的弛豫，这表明可能过渡到二维MBL阶段。我们的实验揭示了一个独特的相互作用，无序和维度的相互作用，并提供了控制的理论方法是稀缺的制度的见解。
英文摘要：
In a many-body localized (MBL) quantum system, the ergodic hypothesis breaks down completely, giving rise to a fundamentally new many-body phase. Whether and under which conditions MBL can occur in higher dimensions remains an outstanding challenge both for experiments and theory. Here, we experimentally explore the relaxation dynamics of an interacting gas of fermionic potassium atoms loaded in a two-dimensional optical lattice with different quasi-periodic potentials along the two directions. We observe a dramatic slowing down of the relaxation for intermediate disorder strengths and attribute this partially to configurational rare-region effects. Beyond a critical disorder strength, we see negligible relaxation on experimentally accessible timescales, indicating a possible transition into a two-dimensional MBL phase. Our experiments reveal a distinct interplay of interactions, disorder, and dimensionality and provide insights into regimes where controlled theoretical approaches are scarce.
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