疼痛与自发思维
Pain and Spontaneous Thought
摘要：
疼痛是最突出的体验之一，但奇怪的是，它也是最具可塑性的体验之一。大量的研究表明，多种外显策略可以有效地改变急性和慢性疼痛及其相关神经相关的注意力需求质量。然而，在日常生活中，自发而非主动产生的想法很常见，因此对疼痛的注意力往往会因为持续的自我产生的经验而暂时波动。经典的疼痛理论在很大程度上忽略了认知的不受约束的波动，但新的研究已经证明了行为相关性，假定的神经基础，以及疼痛和自发思维之间相互作用的个体差异。在这一章中，我回顾了对疼痛的注意力持续波动的行为研究，自发走神远离疼痛的神经基础研究，以及这项研究的临床意义。
英文摘要：
Pain is among the most salient of experiences while also, curiously, being among the most malleable. A large body of research has revealed that a multitude of explicit strategies can be used to effectively alter the attention-demanding quality of acute and chronic pains and their associated neural correlates. However, thoughts that are spontaneous, rather than actively generated, are common in daily life, and so attention to pain can often temporally fluctuate because of ongoing self-generated experiences. Classic pain theories have largely neglected to account for unconstrained fluctuations in cognition, but new studies have demonstrated the behavioral-relevance, putative neural basis, and individual variability of interactions between pain and spontaneous thoughts. In this chapter, I review behavioral studies of ongoing fluctuations in attention to pain, studies of the neural basis of spontaneous mind-wandering away from pain, and the clinical implications of this research.
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