量子真空的巨大能量如何吸引来驱动宇宙的缓慢加速膨胀
How the huge energy of quantum vacuum gravitates to drive the slow accelerating expansion of the Universe
摘要：
我们认真对待量子场论预言的量子真空的大能量密度，并假设它确实受引力作用，以服从广义相对论的等效原理，研究了量子真空的引力性质。我们发现，量子真空的引力与人们以前认为的不同。这种差异的结果是一个加速的宇宙与一个小的哈勃膨胀率$H\propto Λe^{-β\sqrt{G}Λ}\to 0$，而不是以前的预测$H=\sqrt{8πGρ^{vac}/3}\propto\sqrt{G}Λ^2\to\infty$，这是无界的，因为高能量截止$Λ$是采取无穷大。在这个意义上，至少“老”的宇宙学常数问题将得到解决。此外，当$Λ$取普朗克能量量级或更高的某个大值时，它给出了观测到的缓慢的加速膨胀率。这一结果表明，没有必要引入宇宙学常数来解释观测到的宇宙加速膨胀，宇宙学常数需要精确到$10^{-120}$，或者其他形式的暗能量需要具有特殊的负压。
英文摘要：
We investigate the gravitational property of the quantum vacuum by treating its large energy density predicted by quantum field theory seriously and assuming that it does gravitate to obey the equivalence principle of general relativity. We find that the quantum vacuum would gravitate differently from what people previously thought. The consequence of this difference is an accelerating universe with a small Hubble expansion rate $H\propto Λe^{-β\sqrt{G}Λ}\to 0$ instead of the previous prediction $H=\sqrt{8πGρ^{vac}/3}\propto\sqrt{G}Λ^2\to\infty$ which was unbounded, as the high energy cutoff $Λ$ is taken to infinity. In this sense, at least the "old" cosmological constant problem would be resolved. Moreover, it gives the observed slow rate of the accelerating expansion as $Λ$ is taken to be some large value of the order of Planck energy or higher. This result suggests that there is no necessity to introduce the cosmological constant, which is required to be fine tuned to an accuracy of $10^{-120}$, or other forms of dark energy, which are required to have peculiar negative pressure, to explain the observed accelerating expansion of the Universe.
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