在早型星系中检验Verlinde的出射引力
Testing Verlinde's emergent gravity in early-type galaxies
摘要：
Verlinde推导出引力是通过二维表面从信息流中产生的一种涌现力，最近，通过先验地假设三维空间中信息的纠缠，他推导出暗物质（DM）的引力势效应是重子物质对暗能量的熵位移。在突现引力（EG）中，这个表观DM仅取决于重子质量分布和哈勃参数的当前值。在本文中，我们测试EG命题，形式化的Verlinde的球形和孤立的质量分布，使用中心速度色散，$σ$和光分布在4260个大质量和本地早型星系（ETG）的样本从SPIDER样本。如果我们考虑807个最圆场星系的样本，我们的结果保持不变。我们推导了EG对恒星质光比（M/L）和初始质量函数（IMF）的预测，并将它们与a）基于DM的模型，b）MOND和c）恒星星族模型的相同推论进行了比较。我们证明，一致的经典牛顿框架与DM晕组件，或替代理论的重力MOND，中央动态可以拟合，如果IMF被假定为非普遍的。结果可以解释与IMF轻于标准夏布里耶在低$σ$，底部较重的IMF在较大的$σ$。我们发现较低的，但仍然可以接受的，恒星M/L EG理论，如果与DM为基础的NFW模型和MOND。从EG的结果是可比的发现，如果DM晕的压缩和预期的光谱重力敏感的功能。如果由熵位移引起的应变不是最大的，如在当前公式中所采用的，则ETG的动力学可以用更大的M/L再现。（节略）
英文摘要：
Verlinde derived gravity as an emergent force from the information flow, through two-dimensional surfaces and recently, by a priori postulating the entanglement of information in 3D space, he derived the effect of the gravitational potential from dark matter (DM) as the entropy displacement of dark energy by baryonic matter. In Emergent Gravity (EG) this apparent DM depends only on the baryonic mass distribution and the present-day value of the Hubble parameter. In this paper we test the EG proposition, formalized by Verlinde for a spherical and isolated mass distribution, using the central velocity dispersion, $σ$ and the light distribution in a sample of 4260 massive and local early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the SPIDER sample. Our results remain unaltered if we consider the sample of 807 roundest field galaxies. We derive the predictions by EG for the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L) and the Initial Mass Function (IMF), and compare them with the same inferences derived from a) DM-based models, b) MOND and c) stellar population models. We demonstrate that, consistently with a classical Newtonian framework with a DM halo component, or alternative theories of gravity as MOND, the central dynamics can be fitted if the IMF is assumed non-universal. The results can be interpreted with a IMF lighter than a standard Chabrier at low-$σ$, and bottom-heavier IMFs at larger $σ$. We find lower, but still acceptable, stellar M/L in EG theory, if compared with the DM-based NFW model and with MOND. The results from EG are comparable to what is found if the DM haloes are adiabatically contracted and with expectations from spectral gravity-sensitive features. If the strain caused by the entropy displacement would be not maximal, as adopted in the current formulation, then the dynamics of ETGs could be reproduced with larger M/L. (abridged)
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