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arXiv 1702.08280astro-ph.HE
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H.E.S.S.中TeV脉冲星风星云的星群。银河平面巡天

The population of TeV pulsar wind nebulae in the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey

H. E. S. S. Collaboration, :, H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A. G. Akhperjanian, T. Andersson, E. O. Angüner, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, … 展开作者

H. E. S. S. Collaboration, :, H. Abdalla, A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, A. G. Akhperjanian, T. Andersson, E. O. Angüner, M. Arrieta, P. Aubert, M. Backes, A. Balzer, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, J. Becker Tjus, D. Berge, S. Bernhard, K. Bernlöhr, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, P. Bordas, J. Bregeon, F. Brun, P. Brun, M. Bryan, T. Bulik, M. Capasso, J. Carr, S. Carrigan, S. Casanova, M. Cerruti, N. Chakraborty, R. Chalme-Calvet, R. C. G. Chaves, A. Chen, J. Chevalier, M. Chrétien, S. Colafrancesco, G. Cologna, B. Condon, J. Conrad, C. Couturier, Y. Cui, I. D. Davids, B. Degrange, C. Deil, J. Devin, P. deWilt, L. Dirson, A. Djannati-Ataï, W. Domainko, A. Donath, L. O'C. Drury, G. Dubus, K. Dutson, J. Dyks, T. Edwards, K. Egberts, P. Eger, J. -P. Ernenwein, S. Eschbach, C. Farnier, S. Fegan, M. V. Fernandes, A. Fiasson, G. Fontaine, A. Förster, S. Funk, M. Füßling, S. Gabici, M. Gajdus, Y. A. Gallant, T. Garrigoux, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, J. F. Glicenstein, D. Gottschall, A. Goyal, M. -H. Grondin, D. Hadasch, J. Hahn, M. Haupt, J. Hawkes, G. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, O. Hervet, A. Hillert, J. A. Hinton, W. Hofmann, C. Hoischen, M. Holler, D. Horns, A. Ivascenko, A. Jacholkowska, M. Jamrozy, M. Janiak, D. Jankowsky, F. Jankowsky, M. Jingo, T. Jogler, L. Jouvin, I. Jung-Richardt, M. A. Kastendieck, K. Katarzyński, U. Katz, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, M. Kieffer, J. King, S. Klepser, D. Klochkov, W. Kluźniak, D. Kolitzus, Nu. Komin, K. Kosack, S. Krakau, M. Kraus, F. Krayzel, P. P. Krüger, H. Laffon, G. Lamanna, J. Lau, J. -P. Lees, J. Lefaucheur, V. Lefranc, A. Lemière, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. -P. Lenain, E. Leser, T. Lohse, M. Lorentz, R. Liu, R. López-Coto, I. Lypova, V. Marandon, A. Marcowith, C. Mariaud, R. Marx, G. Maurin, N. Maxted, M. Mayer, P. J. Meintjes, M. Meyer, A. M. W. Mitchell, R. Moderski, M. Mohamed, L. Mohrmann, K. Morå, E. Moulin, T. Murach, M. de Naurois, F. Niederwanger, J. Niemiec, L. Oakes, P. O'Brien, H. Odaka, S. Öttl, S. Ohm, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, M. Ostrowski, I. Oya, M. Padovani, M. Panter, R. D. Parsons, M. Paz Arribas, N. W. Pekeur, G. Pelletier, C. Perennes, P. -O. Petrucci, B. Peyaud, S. Pita, H. Poon, D. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, S. Raab, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, M. Renaud, R. de los Reyes, F. Rieger, C. Romoli, S. Rosier-Lees, G. Rowell, B. Rudak, C. B. Rulten, V. Sahakian, D. Salek, D. A. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, R. Schlickeiser, F. Schüssler, A. Schulz, U. Schwanke, S. Schwemmer, M. Settimo, A. S. Seyffert, N. Shafi, I. Shilon, R. Simoni, H. Sol, F. Spanier, G. Spengler, F. Spies, Ł. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, C. Stegmann, F. Stinzing, K. Stycz, I. Sushch, J. -P. Tavernet, T. Tavernier, A. M. Taylor, R. Terrier, L. Tibaldo, D. Tiziani, M. Tluczykont, C. Trichard, R. Tuffs, Y. Uchiyama, K. Valerius, D. J. van der Walt, C. van Eldik, B. van Soelen, G. Vasileiadis, J. Veh, C. Venter, A. Viana, P. Vincent, J. Vink, F. Voisin, H. J. Völk, T. Vuillaume, Z. Wadiasingh, S. J. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. M. Wagner, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, P. Willmann, A. Wörnlein, D. Wouters, R. Yang, V. Zabalza, D. Zaborov, M. Zacharias, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, F. Zefi, A. Ziegler, N. Żywucka

摘要:

九年的H.E.S.S.银河系平面巡天(HGPS)在TeV伽马射线波段对银河系内部进行了迄今为止最均匀的观测扫描。HGPS的天空图和源目录允许对过去十年中发现的TeV脉冲星风星云的人口进行系统研究。为了研究脉冲星风星云的性质和演化,我们还首次提出了几个上限的区域周围的脉冲星没有检测到TeV风星云。我们的数据表现出TeV的表面亮度与脉冲星自旋下降功率$\dot{E}$的相关性。这似乎是由于随着$\dot{E}$的减小,延伸增加,从而随着时间的增加,与幂律$R_\mathrm{PWN}(\dot{E}) \sim \dot{E}^{-0.65 \pm 0.20}$相容,以及由于TeV伽马射线亮度随着$\dot{E}$的减小而轻度降低,与$L_{1-10\,\mathrm{TeV}} \sim \dot{E}^{0.59 \pm 0.21}$相容。我们还发现,相对于风星云中心与年龄约10 kyr的脉冲星的偏移量往往大于可以解释的脉冲星自行,可能是由于一个不对称的环境。在目前的数据中,似乎一个大的脉冲星偏移与高的表观TeV效率$L_{1-10\,\mathrm{TeV}}/\dot{E}$。除了14个HGPS来源被认为是坚定地确定脉冲星风星云和5个额外的脉冲星风星云从文献中,我们发现10个HGPS来源,形成可能的TeV脉冲星风星云候选人。使用一个模型,包括目前的共识非常高的能量辐射演化的脉冲星风星云,我们发现的趋势和变化的TeV观测和限制可以复制到一个很好的水平,绘制一个一致的图片,目前的TeV数据和理论。

英文摘要:

The nine-year H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS) yielded the most uniform observation scan of the inner Milky Way in the TeV gamma-ray band to date. The sky maps and source catalogue of the HGPS allow for a systematic study of the population of TeV pulsar wind nebulae found throughout the last decade. To investigate the nature and evolution of pulsar wind nebulae, for the first time we also present several upper limits for regions around pulsars without a detected TeV wind nebula. Our data exhibit a correlation of TeV surface brightness with pulsar spin-down power $\dot{E}$. This seems to be caused both by an increase of extension with decreasing $\dot{E}$, and hence with time, compatible with a power law $R_\mathrm{PWN}(\dot{E}) \sim \dot{E}^{-0.65 \pm 0.20}$, and by a mild decrease of TeV gamma-ray luminosity with decreasing $\dot{E}$, compatible with $L_{1-10\,\mathrm{TeV}} \sim \dot{E}^{0.59 \pm 0.21}$. We also find that the offsets of pulsars with respect to the wind nebula centres with ages around 10 kyr are frequently larger than can be plausibly explained by pulsar proper motion and could be due to an asymmetric environment. In the present data, it seems that a large pulsar offset is correlated with a high apparent TeV efficiency $L_{1-10\,\mathrm{TeV}}/\dot{E}$. In addition to 14 HGPS sources considered as firmly identified pulsar wind nebulae and 5 additional pulsar wind nebulae taken from literature, we find 10 HGPS sources that form likely TeV pulsar wind nebula candidates. Using a model that subsumes the present common understanding of the very high-energy radiative evolution of pulsar wind nebulae, we find that the trends and variations of the TeV observables and limits can be reproduced to a good level, drawing a consistent picture of present-day TeV data and theory.

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