两相SPH模型对碎波作用下油液行为的研究
Behavior of Oil under Breaking Waves by a Two-phase SPH Model
摘要：
为了研究碎波作用下的油液扩散，基于GPUSPH（弱可压缩SPH方法在图形处理器上的开源实现）建立了两相SPH模型。通过假设多个相是不混溶的，两相模型求解两个相的同一组控制方程。在每个阶段的密度保持重整化，并在过渡区中使用的调和平均粘度。采用表面张力数值模型考虑了油水界面表面张力效应。该模型首先被用来模拟一个单一的油滴通过静水上升。数值模型预测了油滴在浮力作用下上升过程中的真实形状变化。其次，它被应用到重现实验室实验室进行的碎波下的油分散在约翰霍普金斯大学。几台高速摄像机被用来记录碎波和油之间的相互作用。与实验室实测结果的对比表明，GPUSPH能较好地再现实验室中碎波破碎前后的情况，但GPUSPH预测的油分散情况与实验室观测结果仅部分吻合。几个因素（例如，碎波的3D和混沌性质，数值设置）导致差异。
英文摘要：
A two-phase Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model has been developed on the basis of GPUSPH, which is an open-source implementation of the weakly compressible SPH method on graphics processing units, to investigate oil dispersion under breaking waves. By assuming that the multiple phases are immiscible, the two-phase model solves the same set of governing equations for both phases. Density in each phase is preserved by renormalization, and the harmonic mean of viscosities is used in the transition zone. Interfacial surface tension effect between the oil and the water is considered by a numerical surface tension model. The model is first used to simulate a single oil drop rising through still water. The numerical model predicts realistic shape change of the oil drop during the rising process caused by the buoyancy force. Next it is applied to reproduce a laboratory experiment on oil dispersion under breaking waves conducted at Johns Hopkins University. Several high-speed cameras were used to record the interaction between breaking waves and the oil. Comparison with the laboratory measurements shows that GPUSPH is able to reproduce well the pre- & post-breaking wave in the laboratory, however, oil dispersion predicted by GPUSPH only match part of the laboratory observation. Several factors (e.g., 3D & chaotic nature of breaking waves, numerical setup) cause the discrepancy.
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