基于石墨烯的电化学泵浦可扩展和高效分离氢同位素
Scalable and efficient separation of hydrogen isotopes using graphene-based electrochemical pumping
摘要：
每年处理数千吨同位素混合物，用于重水生产和氚净化。现有技术仍然是能源密集型的，需要大量的资本投资。需要新的方法来减少该行业的足迹。最近，微米大小的石墨烯晶体被证明可以作为通过石墨烯电化学泵送氢同位素的有效筛。在这里，我们报告了一个完全可扩展的方法，使用石墨烯获得的化学气相沉积，它允许质子-氘分离因子约。8，尽管有裂缝和缺陷。预计能源消耗将比现有技术小几个数量级。基于30 m2石墨烯的膜，一个容易获得的量，可以提供与现代工厂相当的重水输出。甚至更高的效率，预计氚分离。由于扩大规模没有根本障碍，该技术的简单性、效率和绿色证书要求核工业和相关工业考虑。
英文摘要：
Thousands of tons of isotopic mixtures are processed annually for heavy-water production and tritium decontamination. The existing technologies remain extremely energy intensive and require large capital investments. New approaches are needed to reduce the industry's footprint. Recently, micron-size crystals of graphene were shown to act as efficient sieves for hydrogen isotopes pumped through graphene electrochemically. Here we report a fully-scalable approach, using graphene obtained by chemical vapor deposition, which allows a proton-deuteron separation factor of ca. 8, despite cracks and imperfections. The energy consumption is projected to be orders of magnitude smaller with respect to existing technologies. A membrane based on 30 m2 of graphene, a readily accessible amount, could provide a heavy-water output comparable to that of modern plants. Even higher efficiency is expected for tritium separation. With no fundamental obstacles for scaling up, the technology's simplicity, efficiency and green credentials call for consideration by the nuclear and related industries.
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