CMB-S4实验构型优化研究
Optimization Study for the Experimental Configuration of CMB-S4
摘要：
CMB第四阶段（CMB-S4）实验是下一代地面实验，将以前所未有的精度测量宇宙微波背景（CMB）偏振，探测暴胀的特征，宇宙中微子的性质，早期宇宙中的相对论热遗迹以及宇宙的演化。为了推进CMB-S4仪器设计的进展，我们建立了一个框架来优化仪器配置，以最大限度地提高其科学产出。在本文中，我们报告我们的第一个结果，从这个框架，使用简化的工具和成本模型。我们主要研究了两类仪器配置：直径范围从2-10米的大口径望远镜阵列，以及将小口径望远镜（直径0.5米）与大口径望远镜相结合的混合阵列。我们探索性能作为望远镜孔径大小的函数，探测器分布到不同的微波频率，调查策略和调查区域，低频噪声性能，以及混合配置的小口径和大口径望远镜之间的平衡。我们还研究了工具模型的不确定性的影响。有几个领域值得进一步改进。在我们的预测框架中，我们采用了一个简单的两分量前景模型与空间变化的幂律谱指数。我们估计去透镜性能统计和忽略可能的非理想。仪器系统学，这是不占在我们的研究，可能会影响设计。工具和成本模型的进一步研究将是整个CMB-S4社区的主要研究领域之一。我们希望我们的框架将有助于估计这些改进在未来的影响，我们将把它们，以进一步提高优化。
英文摘要：
The CMB Stage 4 (CMB-S4) experiment is a next-generation, ground-based experiment that will measure the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization to unprecedented accuracy, probing the signature of inflation, the nature of cosmic neutrinos, relativistic thermal relics in the early universe, and the evolution of the universe. To advance the progress towards designing the instrument for CMB-S4, we have established a framework to optimize the instrumental configuration to maximize its scientific output. In this paper, we report our first results from this framework, using simplified instrumental and cost models. We have primarily studied two classes of instrumental configurations: arrays of large aperture telescopes with diameters ranging from 2-10 m, and hybrid arrays that combine small-aperture telescopes (0.5 m diameter) with large-aperture telescopes. We explore performance as a function of the telescope aperture size, the distribution of the detectors into different microwave frequencies, the survey strategy and survey area, the low-frequency noise performance, and the balance between small and large aperture telescopes for the hybrid configurations. We also examine the impact from the uncertainties of the instrumental model. There are several areas that deserve further improvement. In our forecasting framework, we adopt a simple two-component foregrounds model with spacially varying power-law spectral indices. We estimate delensing performance statistically and ignore possible non-idealities. Instrumental systematics, which is not accounted for in our study, may influence the design. Further study of the instrumental and cost models will be one of the main areas of study by the whole CMB-S4 community. We hope that our framework will be useful for estimating the influence of these improvement in future, and we will incorporate them in order to improve the optimization further.
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