最高精密度下的光学显微镜
Light Microscopy at Maximal Precision
摘要：
显微镜是物理和生命科学的主力，产生从原子到细胞的清晰图像，远远超出了人眼的能力。然而，对这些图像的分析通常比自动手动标记好不了多少。在这里，我们彻底改变了显微图像的分析，提取理论上包含在复杂的显微图像中的所有信息。使用一个通用的方法，我们提取的信息，通过拟合实验图像与详细的光学模型的显微镜，一种方法，我们称之为参数提取重建图像（PERI）。作为原理的证明，我们用胶体球的共焦图像演示了这种方法，将颗粒位置和半径的测量提高了100倍，并达到了最大可能的精度。有了这个前所未有的分辨率，我们测量纳米尺度的胶体相互作用，在稠密的悬浮液仅与光学显微镜，以前不可能的壮举。我们的方法是通用的，适用于从明场到电子显微镜的成像方法，我们预计精度分别为1 nm和0.1 pm。
英文摘要：
Microscopy is the workhorse of the physical and life sciences, producing crisp images of everything from atoms to cells well beyond the capabilities of the human eye. However, the analysis of these images is frequently little better than automated manual marking. Here, we revolutionize the analysis of microscopy images, extracting all the information theoretically contained in a complex microscope image. Using a generic, methodological approach, we extract the information by fitting experimental images with a detailed optical model of the microscope, a method we call Parameter Extraction from Reconstructing Images (PERI). As a proof of principle, we demonstrate this approach with a confocal image of colloidal spheres, improving measurements of particle positions and radii by 100x over current methods and attaining the maximum possible accuracy. With this unprecedented resolution, we measure nanometer-scale colloidal interactions in dense suspensions solely with light microscopy, a previously impossible feat. Our approach is generic and applicable to imaging methods from brightfield to electron microscopy, where we expect accuracies of 1 nm and 0.1 pm, respectively.
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