FM后向散射：实现互联城市和智能结构
FM Backscatter: Enabling Connected Cities and Smart Fabrics
摘要：
本文通过将日常物品转换为FM广播电台来实现连接。要做到这一点，我们第一次表明，周围的FM无线电信号可以用作后向散射通信的信号源。我们的设计创建了可以在任何FM接收器上解码的反向散射传输，包括汽车和智能手机中的FM接收器。这使我们能够实现以前不可行的能力：将信息后向散射到户外环境中的汽车和智能手机。我们的关键创新是一种调制技术，它将反向散射（对RF信号的乘法运算）转换为对FM接收机输出的音频信号的加法运算。这使我们能够将数字数据以及任意音频嵌入到环境模拟FM无线电信号中。我们构建了我们设计的原型硬件，并成功地将音频传输嵌入到环境FM信号中。此外，我们实现了高达3.2 kbps的数据率和5-60英尺的范围，而功耗低至11.07μW。为了展示我们设计的潜力，我们还通过机器缝纫导电线的图案在棉T恤上制造了我们的原型，以创建一种可以将数据传输到智能手机的智能织物。我们还将FM天线嵌入到海报和广告牌中，并表明它们可以与汽车和智能手机中的FM接收器进行通信。
英文摘要：
This paper enables connectivity on everyday objects by transforming them into FM radio stations. To do this, we show for the first time that ambient FM radio signals can be used as a signal source for backscatter communication. Our design creates backscatter transmissions that can be decoded on any FM receiver including those in cars and smartphones. This enables us to achieve a previously infeasible capability: backscattering information to cars and smartphones in outdoor environments. Our key innovation is a modulation technique that transforms backscatter, which is a multiplication operation on RF signals, into an addition operation on the audio signals output by FM receivers. This enables us to embed both digital data as well as arbitrary audio into ambient analog FM radio signals. We build prototype hardware of our design and successfully embed audio transmissions over ambient FM signals. Further, we achieve data rates of up to 3.2 kbps and ranges of 5-60 feet, while consuming as little as 11.07μW of power. To demonstrate the potential of our design, we also fabricate our prototype on a cotton t-shirt by machine sewing patterns of a conductive thread to create a smart fabric that can transmit data to a smartphone. We also embed FM antennas into posters and billboards and show that they can communicate with FM receivers in cars and smartphones.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
