随机激活二能级系统中的辐射大起伏
Large Fluctuations of Radiation in Stochastically Activated Two-Level Systems
摘要：
研究了$N$非相互作用二能级原子系统中辐射的大起伏。两种方法被用来计算大的起伏的概率和激发和发射的时间依赖性。第一种方法是基于马尔可夫过程的大偏差原理。第二个使用模拟的量子形式主义的经典概率问题。特别是，我们证明，在一个大的波动限制约一半的原子被激发。这一事实与处于稳态的激发态原子的分数无关。
英文摘要：
We study the large fluctuations of emitted radiations in the system of $N$ non-interacting two-level atoms. Two methods are used to calculate the probability of the large fluctuations and the time dependence of the excitation and emission. The first method is based on the large deviation principle for Markov processes. The second one uses an analogue of the quantum formalism for classical probability problems. Particularly we prove that in a large fluctuation limit approximately a half of the atoms are excited. This fact is independent on the fraction of the excited atoms in the stationary state.
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