磁场中相对论电子涡旋的非均匀电流和自旋
Nonuniform currents and spins of relativistic electron vortices in a magnetic field
摘要：
本文给出了电子涡旋束在均匀磁场中的相对论描述。包括自旋从一开始就揭示了自旋极化电子涡旋束有一个复杂的方位电流结构，包含更强的共转电流环之间的反向旋转电流小环。与相对论量子力学中的许多其他问题相反，在高度相对论和非傍轴区域存在一组自旋轨道混合为零的涡旋光束。由于塞曼效应的保护，这些光束的良好定义的相位结构类似于简单的标量涡旋光束。对于自旋轨道混合的状态，整个光束的自旋极化是不均匀的，使得自旋和轨道自由度本质上是不可分割的。
英文摘要：
We present a relativistic description of electron vortex beams in a homogeneous magnetic field. Including spin from the beginning reveals that spin-polarized electron vortex beams have a complicated azimuthal current structure, containing small rings of counterrotating current between rings of stronger corotating current. Contrary to many other problems in relativistic quantum mechanics, there exists a set of vortex beams with exactly zero spin-orbit mixing in the highly relativistic and nonparaxial regime. The well defined phase structure of these beams is analogous to simpler scalar vortex beams, owing to the protection by the Zeeman effect. For states that do show spin-orbit mixing, the spin polarization across the beam is nonuniform rendering the spin and orbital degrees of freedom inherently inseparable.
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