引力透镜引力波的波形
On the waveforms of gravitationally lensed gravitational waves
摘要：
介入星系的强透镜效应可以产生来自宇宙学距离源的多幅引力波图像。当过聚焦波前沿着视线通过其自身时，这些图像获得额外的相移。类型II图像的时域波形（与时间延迟的鞍点相关联）表现出来自非透镜化波形的非平凡失真。这种现象是除了通常的频率无关的放大，甚至发生在几何极限的波长比偏转器的引力长度尺度短得多。类似地，III型图像保持原始波形的形状，但表现出符号翻转。我们表明，非旋进双星进行圆形inspiral和合并，这些扭曲相当于旋转视线的法线轨道平面的$45^\circ$（II型）和$90^\circ$（III型）。这种效应将使我们能够区分一组多个图像中的不同拓扑类型，并为我们提供对镜头模型的有价值的见解。此外，我们表明，偏心二进制，II型图像的波形是扭曲的方式是不等同于源的轨道参数的变化。
英文摘要：
Strong lensing by intervening galaxies can produce multiple images of gravitational waves from sources at cosmological distances. These images acquire additional phase-shifts as the over-focused wavefront passes through itself along the line of sight. Time domain waveforms of Type-II images (associated with saddle points of the time delay) exhibit a non-trivial distortion from the unlensed waveforms. This phenomenon is in addition to the usual frequency-independent magnification, and happens even in the geometric limit where the wavelength is much shorter than the deflector's gravitational length scale. Similarly, Type-III images preserve the original waveform's shape but exhibit a sign flip. We show that for non-precessing binaries undergoing circular inspiral and merger, these distortions are equivalent to rotating the line of sight about the normal to the orbital plane by $45^\circ$ (Type II) and $90^\circ$ (Type III). This effect will enable us to distinguish between the different topological types among a set of multiple images, and give us valuable insight into the lens model. Furthermore, we show that for eccentric binaries, the waveform of a Type-II image is distorted in a manner that is inequivalent to a change of the source's orbital parameters.
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