We investigate dynamical analogues of the $L^2$-Betti numbers for modules over integral group ring of a discrete sofic group. In particular, we show that the $L^2$-Betti numbers exactly measure the failure of addition formula for dynamical invariants.
Main theorems of the article concern the problem of M. Atiyah on possible values of l^2-Betti numbers. It is shown that all non-negative real numbers are l^2-Betti numbers, and that "many" (for example all non-negative algebraic) real numbers are l^2-Betti numbers of simply connected manifolds with respect to a free cocompact action. Also an explicit example is constructed which leads to a simply connected manifold with a transcendental l^2-Betti number with respect to an action of the threefold direct product of the lamplighter group Z/2 wr Z. The main new idea is embedding Turing machines in…
Existing tools for bifurcation detection from signals of dynamical systems typically are either limited to a special class of systems, or they require carefully chosen input parameters, and significant expertise to interpret the results. Therefore, we describe an alternative method based on persistent homology -- a tool from Topological Data Analysis (TDA) -- that utilizes Betti numbers and CROCKER plots. Betti numbers are topological invariants of topological spaces, while the CROCKER plot is a coarsened but easy to visualize data representation of a one-parameter varying family of persistenc…
We focus on various dynamical invariants associated to toric correspondences, using algebraic geometry or arithmetic. We find a formula for the dynamical degrees, relate the exponential growth of the degree sequences with a strict log-concavity condition on the dynamical degrees and compute the asymptotic ratio of the growth of heights of points of such correspondences.
We consider moduli spaces of dynamical systems of correspondences over the projective line as a generalization of moduli spaces of dynamical systems of endomorphisms on the projective line. We obtain the rationality of the moduli spaces. The rationality of the moduli space of degree $(d,e)$ correspondences is obtained from a representation-theoretic projection to the one for the usual dynamical systems of degree $d+e-1$. We also show that the multiplier maps for the fixed points and the multiplier index theorem (Woods Hole formula) are also reduced through the projection and obtain the reduced…
We initiate the study of correspondences for Smale spaces. Correspondences are shown to provide a notion of a generalized morphism between Smale spaces and are a special case of finite equivalences. Furthermore, for shifts of finite type, a correspondence is related to a matrix which intertwines the adjacency matrices of the shifts. This observation allows us to define an equivalence relation on all Smale spaces which reduces to shift equivalence for shifts of finite type. Several other notions of equivalence are introduced on both correspondences and Smale spaces; a hierarchy between these eq…
We prove that the alternating group of a topologically free action of a countably infinite group $Γ$ on the Cantor set has the property that all of its $\ell^2$-Betti numbers vanish and, in the case that $Γ$ is amenable, is stable in the sense of Jones and Schmidt and has property Gamma (and in particular is inner amenable). We show moreover in the realm of amenable $Γ$ that there are many such alternating groups which are simple, finitely generated, and C$^*$-simple. The device for establishing nonisomorphism among these examples is a topological version of Austin's result on the invariance o…
We provide a dynamical proof of the van der Corput inequality for sequences in Hilbert spaces that is based on the Furstenberg correspondence principle. This is done by reducing the inequality to the mean ergodic theorem for contractions on Hilbert spaces. The key difficulty therein is that the Furstenberg correspondence principle is, a priori, limited to scalar-valued sequences. We therefore discuss how interpreting the Furstenberg correspondence principle via the Gelfand--Naimark--Segal construction for C*-algebras allows to study not just scalar but general Hilbert space-valued sequences in…
We place the theory of metric Diophantine approximation on manifolds into a broader context of studying Diophantine properties of points generic with respect to certain measures on $\Bbb R^n$. The correspondence between multidimensional Diophantine approximation and dynamics of lattices in Euclidean spaces is discussed in an elementary way, and several recent results obtained by means of this correspondence are surveyed.
Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic, $X$ an irreducible variety and $Y$ an irreducible projective variety over $K$, both are not necessarily smooth. Let $f:X\rightarrow X$ and $g:Y\rightarrow Y$ be dominant correspondences, and $π:X\rightarrow Y$ a dominant rational map such that $π\circ f=g\circ π$. We define relative dynamical degrees $λ_p(f|π)$ ($p=0,\ldots ,\dim (X)-\dim (Y)$). These degrees measure the relative growth of positive algebraic cycles, satisfy a product formula when $Y$ is smooth and $g$ is a multiple of a rational map, and are birational invar…
Let P be an object such as tiling, Delone set and weighted Dirac comb. There corresponds a dynamical system to P, called the corresponding dynamical system. Such dynamical systems are geometric analogues of symbolic dynamics. It is well-known that there are correspondences between geometric properties of P and properties of the corresponding dynamical system. In this article we give a new correspondence. In other words, we characterize the property that the group of topological eigenvalues for the corresponding dynamical system is not discrete, in terms of a geometric property of P.
In this mainly expository paper we present a detailed proof of several results contained in a paper by M. Bertelson and M. Gromov on Dynamical Morse Entropy. This is an introduction to the ideas presented in that work. Suppose $M$ is compact oriented connected $C^\infty$ manifold of finite dimension. Assume that $f_0 :M \to [0,1]$ is a surjective Morse function. For a given natural number $n$, consider the set $M^n$ and for $x=(x_0,x_1,...,x_{n-1}) \in M^n$, denote $ f_n (x) = \frac{1}{n} \, \sum_{j=0}^{n-1} f_0 (x_j).$ The Dynamical Morse Entropy describes for a fixed interval $I\subset [0,1]…
Practically and intrinsically, inclusions of operator algebras are of fundamental interest. The subject of this paper is intermediate operator algebras of inclusions. There are two previously known theorems which naturally and completely describe all intermediate operator algebras: the Galois Correspondence Theorem and the Tensor Splitting Theorem. Here we establish the third, new complete description theorem which gives a canonical bijective correspondence between intermediate operator algebras and intermediate extensions of dynamical systems. One can also regard this theorem as a crossed pro…
We study the problem of aligning two sets of 3D geometric primitives given known correspondences. Our first contribution is to show that this primitive alignment framework unifies five perception problems including point cloud registration, primitive (mesh) registration, category-level 3D registration, absolution pose estimation (APE), and category-level APE. Our second contribution is to propose DynAMical Pose estimation (DAMP), the first general and practical algorithm to solve primitive alignment problem by simulating rigid body dynamics arising from virtual springs and damping, where the s…
In this paper, we set up a general correspondence between the algebra properties of $\bN$ and the sets defined by dynamical properties. In particular, we obtain a dynamical characterization of C-sets, where C-sets are the sets satisfying the strong Central Sets Theorem. As an application, we show that Rado systems are solvable in C-sets.