酿酒酵母基因$ura3$的进化预测
Predicting the Evolution of Gene $ura3$ in the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
摘要：
自20世纪60年代后期以来，人们提出了各种基因组进化模型来预测DNA序列随着世代的推移而发生的进化。这些模型大多基于核苷酸进化，因此它们使用大小为4x 4的突变矩阵。它们包括例如著名的Jukes和Cantor，Kimura和Tamura模型。从本质上讲，所有这些模型都将DNA序列的进化与突变矩阵的连续幂的计算联系起来。为了使该计算成为可能，假设突变矩阵的特定形式，其与最近在酿酒酵母的基因ura 3上实验获得的突变率不相容。利用这个实验研究，本文作者推导了一个简单的突变矩阵，计算了ura 3的嘌呤/嘧啶比率的未来演变，研究了胞嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶相对于嘌呤的特殊行为，并模拟了每个核苷酸的演变。
英文摘要：
Since the late `60s, various genome evolutionary models have been proposed to predict the evolution of a DNA sequence as the generations pass. Most of these models are based on nucleotides evolution, so they use a mutation matrix of size 4x4. They encompass for instance the well-known models of Jukes and Cantor, Kimura, and Tamura. By essence, all of these models relate the evolution of DNA sequences to the computation of the successive powers of a mutation matrix. To make this computation possible, particular forms for the mutation matrix are assumed, which are not compatible with mutation rates that have been recently obtained experimentally on gene ura3 of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using this experimental study, authors of this paper have deduced a simple mutation matrice, compute the future evolution of the rate purine/pyrimidine for ura3, investigate the particular behavior of cytosines and thymines compared to purines, and simulate the evolution of each nucleotide.
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