超越海森堡极限标度的时空曲率量子极限测量
Quantum limited measurement of space-time curvature with scaling beyond the conventional Heisenberg limit
摘要：
本文研究了利用非线性马赫-曾德尔干涉仪装置估算光子干涉中由于广义相对论时间膨胀引起的相移问题。通过引入两种非线性克尔材料，一种在底部，一种在顶部臂，我们可以测量由时空曲率产生的非线性相位$ϕ_{NL}$，并实现标准偏差与光子数的比例（$N$）为$1/N^β$，其中$β> 1$，这超过了线性干涉仪的传统海森堡极限（$1/N$）。非线性相移是由探测场的强度放大的效应。在大量光子的情况下，这种效应可以支配线性相移。
英文摘要：
We study the problem of estimating the phase shift due to the general relativistic time dilation in the interference of photons using a non-linear Mach-Zender interferometer setup. By introducing two non-linear Kerr materials, one in the bottom and one in the top arm, we can measure the non-linear phase $ϕ_{NL}$ produced by the space-time curvature and achieve a scaling of the standard deviation with photon number ($N$) of $1/N^β$ where $β> 1$, which exceeds the conventional Heisenberg limit of a linear interferometer ($1/N$). The non-linear phase shift is an effect that is amplified by the intensity of the probe field. In a regime of high number of photons, this effect can dominate over the linear phase shift.
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