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arXiv 1702.02566cs.CR
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分布式投票系统的设计

Design of Distributed Voting Systems

Christian Meter

摘要:

爱沙尼亚、挪威和澳大利亚等国开发了电子投票系统,可在个人电脑和互联网的帮助下实现议会选举。这些系统在设计和解决同一问题的方式上完全不同。在这篇论文中,我们分析了一些最大的现实世界中的系统,描述了他们的构建模块和他们的一般设计,专注于这些电子投票系统中可能存在的问题。此外,我们提出了一个电子投票系统的模板,我们设计的尝试,以满足一个安全的电子投票系统的特点和要求。我们使用现有系统的经验和构建块将它们组合到另一个更安全的系统中。之后,我们将我们的概念与现实世界的系统进行比较,以评估需求的满足情况。最后,我们讨论了在设计一个安全的系统时出现的问题。对等网络提供了许多优点,如分散化,这可能适用于电子投票系统。因此,我们来看看称为区块链的分布式数据库以及在点对点投票系统中的使用。我们对这个主题的贡献是修改了权益证明,它允许使用常见的设备,如智能手机或平板电脑,用于区块链验证和将新选票纳入链中。这种证明不需要太多的计算能力,并且比比特币协议中的工作量证明具有更低的碳足迹。

英文摘要:

Countries like Estonia, Norway or Australia developed electronic voting systems, which could be used to realize parliamentary elections with the help of personal computers and the Internet. These systems are completely different in their design and their way to solve the same problem. In this thesis, we analyze some of the largest real-world systems, describe their building blocks and their general design to focus on possible problems in these electronic voting systems. Furthermore, we present a template for an e-voting system, which we designed to try to fulfill the preliminaries and requirements of a secure electronic voting system. We use the experiences and the building blocks of existing systems to combine them to another more secure system. Afterwards, we compare our concept with real-world systems to evaluate the fulfillments of the requirements. Conclusively, we discuss the occurring problems when designing a secure system. Peer-to-peer networks provide many advantages, like decentralization, which might be applicable to electronic voting systems. Therefore, we take a look on the distributed database called blockchain and the usage in a peer-to-peer voting system. Our contribution to this topic is a modification of the proof-of-stake, which enables the usage of common devices, like smartphones or tablets, for the blockchain verification and inclusion of new ballots to the chain. This proof does not need much computing power and has a lower carbon footprint than the proof-of-work in the Bitcoin protocol.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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