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arXiv 1702.02199astro-ph.GA
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高质量恒星形成区中相的寿命

The Lifetimes of Phases in High-Mass Star-Forming Regions

Cara Battersby, John Bally, Brian Svoboda

摘要:

大质量恒星在星团内从密集的分子区域形成,但团簇形成的过程是缓慢的流体静力学还是快速的动力学?我们链接的物理性质的大质量恒星形成区与它们的演化阶段,在一个系统的方式,使用赫歇尔和斯皮策数据。为了对这些区域的相对寿命进行可靠的估计,我们比较了与高质量恒星形成相关的柱密度(N(H2)> 0.4-2.5 x 10^22 cm^-2)以上的致密分子区域的比例,在'无星(没有大于10 Msun的恒星形成的迹象)和恒星形成阶段,在银河平面的2x2度区域,以l= 30度为中心。在能够形成约1 pc尺度的高质量恒星的区域中,无星(或嵌入无法检测)阶段约占致密分子区寿命的60-70%,而恒星形成阶段约占30- 40%。这些相对寿命在宽范围的阈值上是稳健的。我们概述了一种方法,通过这种方法,相对寿命可以锚定的绝对寿命从大规模的调查甲醇脉泽和UCHII地区。这种方法的简单应用估计无星阶段的绝对寿命为0.2-1.7百万年(约0.6-4.1基准云自由落体时间),恒星形成阶段为0.1-0.7百万年(约0.4-2.4自由落体时间),但这些都是高度不确定的。这项工作独特地研究了高柱密度气体逐像素的恒星形成性质,我们的结果表明,大多数高柱密度气体是在无星或嵌入相。

英文摘要:

High-mass stars form within star clusters from dense, molecular regions, but is the process of cluster formation slow and hydrostatic or quick and dynamic? We link the physical properties of high-mass star-forming regions with their evolutionary stage in a systematic way, using Herschel and Spitzer data. In order to produce a robust estimate of the relative lifetimes of these regions, we compare the fraction of dense, molecular regions above a column density associated with high-mass star formation, N(H2) > 0.4-2.5 x 10^22 cm^-2, in the 'starless (no signature of stars > 10 Msun forming) and star-forming phases in a 2x2 degree region of the Galactic Plane centered at l=30deg. Of regions capable of forming high-mass stars on ~1 pc scales, the starless (or embedded beyond detection) phase occupies about 60-70% of the dense, molecular region lifetime and the star-forming phase occupies about 30-40%. These relative lifetimes are robust over a wide range of thresholds. We outline a method by which relative lifetimes can be anchored to absolute lifetimes from large-scale surveys of methanol masers and UCHII regions. A simplistic application of this method estimates the absolute lifetimes of the starless phase to be 0.2-1.7 Myr (about 0.6-4.1 fiducial cloud free-fall times) and the star-forming phase to be 0.1-0.7 Myr (about 0.4-2.4 free-fall times), but these are highly uncertain. This work uniquely investigates the star-forming nature of high-column density gas pixel-by-pixel and our results demonstrate that the majority of high-column density gas is in a starless or embedded phase.

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