碳纳米管的超快场驱动单色光电子发射
Ultrafast field-driven monochromatic photoemission from carbon nanotubes
摘要：
超快电子脉冲与激光泵浦和电子探针技术相结合，允许各种形式的超快显微镜和光谱学来阐明观察物理和化学转变的挑战。然而，追求同时的最终空间和时间分辨率已在很大程度上被电子脉冲的低单色性和它们与光激发脉冲的差的相位同步所抑制。现有的光子驱动光源具有良好的单色性，但相位同步性较差。相比之下，场驱动光电发射由于固有的子循环发射动力学而具有高得多的光相位同步，但单色性差。这样的源遭受较大的电子能量扩展（3 - 100 eV），这归因于常规金属尖端的相对低的场增强，其需要长的泵浦波长（> 800 nm）以获得足够的有质动力势来进入场驱动机制。在本工作中，场驱动光电发射从~1 nm半径的碳纳米管在飞秒激光激发在短波长的410 nm已实现。场驱动电子的能量扩展被有效地压缩到0.25 eV，优于所有传统的超快电子源。我们新的基于纳米管的超快电子源为阿秒成像和新兴光波电子学开辟了令人兴奋的前景。
英文摘要：
Ultrafast electron pulses, combined with laser-pump and electron-probe technologies, allow for various forms of ultrafast microscopy and spectroscopy to elucidate otherwise challenging to observe physical and chemical transitions. However, the pursuit of simultaneous ultimate spatial and temporal resolution has been largely subdued by the low monochromaticity of the electron pulses and their poor phase synchronization to the optical excitation pulses. State-of-the-art photon-driven sources have good monochromaticity but poor phase synchronization. In contrast, field-driven photoemission has much higher light phase synchronization, due to the intrinsic sub-cycle emission dynamics, but poor monochromaticity. Such sources suffer from larger electron energy spreads (3 - 100 eV) attributed to the relatively low field enhancement of the conventional metal tips which necessitates long pump wavelengths (> 800 nm) in order to gain sufficient ponderomotive potential to access the field-driven regime. In this work, field-driven photoemission from ~1 nm radius carbon nanotubes excited by a femtosecond laser at a short wavelength of 410 nm has been realized. The energy spread of field-driven electrons is effectively compressed to 0.25 eV outperforming all conventional ultrafast electron sources. Our new nanotube-based ultrafast electron source opens exciting prospects for attosecond imaging and emerging light-wave electronics.
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