从白矮星的观测探讨精细结构常数的引力依赖性
Probing the Gravitational Dependence of the Fine-Structure Constant from Observations of White Dwarf Stars
摘要：
热白矮星是精细结构常数和强引力场之间关系的理想探测器，为我们提供了直接观测测试的机会。我们研究了一个热白矮星的样本，结合远紫外光谱观测，原子物理学，大气模拟和基础物理，在寻找精细结构常数的变化。当与实验室波长相比时，这种变化表现为观察到的吸收线波长的变化，例如四重离子化铁（FeV）和四重离子化镍（NiV）。Berengut等人（Phys.Rev.Lett. 2013，111，010801）使用G191-B2B的高分辨率哈勃太空望远镜（HST）/太空望远镜成像光谱仪（STIS）光谱证明了这种分析的有效性。我们已经通过以下方式做出了三项重要的改进：（a）使用三组新的独立的实验室波长，（b）分析物体样本，以及（c）通过结合以前对类星体研究的强大技术（多重态方法）来改进方法。成功的探测将是第一次直接测量引力场对自然界裸露常数的影响。在这里，我们描述了我们的方法，并提出了初步的结果，从九个对象使用FeV和NiV。
英文摘要：
Hot white dwarf stars are the ideal probe for a relationship between the fine-structure constant and strong gravitational fields, providing us with an opportunity for a direct observational test. We study a sample of hot white dwarf stars, combining far-UV spectroscopic observations, atomic physics, atmospheric modelling and fundamental physics, in the search for variation in the fine structure constant. This variation manifests as shifts in the observed wavelengths of absorption lines, such as quadruply ionized iron (FeV) and quadruply ionized nickel (NiV), when compared to laboratory wavelengths. Berengut et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 010801) demonstrated the validity of such an analysis using high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) spectra of G191-B2B. We have made three important improvements by: (a) using three new independent sets of laboratory wavelengths, (b) analysing a sample of objects, and (c) improving the methodology by incorporating robust techniques from previous studies towards quasars (the Many Multiplet method). A successful detection would be the first direct measurement of a gravitational field effect on a bare constant of nature. Here we describe our approach and present preliminary results from nine objects using both FeV and NiV.
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