HathiTrust数字图书馆跨学科研究的多层次计算方法
Multi-level computational methods for interdisciplinary research in the HathiTrust Digital Library
摘要：
我们展示了如何使用传统分类系统和混合成员主题模型相结合的分面搜索可以超越关键字搜索，为跨学科研究提供资源发现，假设制定和参数提取。我们的测试领域是动物思维和认知科学工作的历史和哲学。该方法可以推广到其他研究领域，并最终支持一个系统的论点结构的半自动识别。我们提供了一个案例研究的方法来识别和提取的论点在比较心理学发展的关键时期的拟人化的问题的应用。我们展示了如何在大型数字图书馆训练的分类系统和混合成员模型的组合可以告知在这一领域的资源发现。通过一种新的方法“钻”主题建模-同时减少语料库的大小和分析的单位-我们能够减少大量的收集全文卷到一个更小的页面集内六个焦点卷包含的论点感兴趣的历史学家和哲学家的比较心理学。以这种方式识别的卷没有出现在HathiTrust数字图书馆关键词搜索的前十个结果中，这些页面具有产生原始解释所需的“仔细阅读”，这是人文学科学术工作的核心。缩小后，我们提供了一种方法，可以将这些书放置在一个最初由非常不同的数据和不同的目的构建的科学地图上。多层次的方法进步的知识和社会背景中的作品被解释的理解。
英文摘要：
We show how faceted search using a combination of traditional classification systems and mixed-membership topic models can go beyond keyword search to inform resource discovery, hypothesis formulation, and argument extraction for interdisciplinary research. Our test domain is the history and philosophy of scientific work on animal mind and cognition. The methods can be generalized to other research areas and ultimately support a system for semi-automatic identification of argument structures. We provide a case study for the application of the methods to the problem of identifying and extracting arguments about anthropomorphism during a critical period in the development of comparative psychology. We show how a combination of classification systems and mixed-membership models trained over large digital libraries can inform resource discovery in this domain. Through a novel approach of "drill-down" topic modeling---simultaneously reducing both the size of the corpus and the unit of analysis---we are able to reduce a large collection of fulltext volumes to a much smaller set of pages within six focal volumes containing arguments of interest to historians and philosophers of comparative psychology. The volumes identified in this way did not appear among the first ten results of the keyword search in the HathiTrust digital library and the pages bear the kind of "close reading" needed to generate original interpretations that is the heart of scholarly work in the humanities. Zooming back out, we provide a way to place the books onto a map of science originally constructed from very different data and for different purposes. The multilevel approach advances understanding of the intellectual and societal contexts in which writings are interpreted.
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