受限几何中的热棘轮效应
Thermal ratchet effect in confining geometries
摘要：
提出了Feynman-Smoluchowski棘轮的随机模型，并利用推广的Fick-Jacobs理论进行了求解。该理论充分捕捉了棘轮对热浴温度差的非线性响应。棘轮性能进行了讨论，使用平均速度，两个热源之间的平均热流和品质因数，它量化的能量成本，以达到一定的平均速度。理论的局限性测试比较其预测数值。我们还证明了棘轮效应出现在模型和概率流的旋转之间的连接和解释的平均速度使用简单的离散模拟的模型的方向。
英文摘要：
Stochastic model of the Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet is proposed and solved using generalization of the Fick-Jacobs theory. The theory fully captures nonlinear response of the ratchet to the difference of heat bath temperatures. The ratchet performance is discussed using the mean velocity, the average heat flow between the two heat reservoirs and the figure of merit, which quantifies energetic cost for attaining a certain mean velocity. Limits of the theory are tested comparing its predictions to numerics. We also demonstrate connection between the ratchet effect emerging in the model and rotations of the probability current and explain direction of the mean velocity using simple discrete analogue of the model.
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