输运出局部破坏的细致平衡
Transport out of locally broken detailed balance
摘要：
电子沿着势梯度或热梯度运动。在存在例如施加到导体的两个端子的全局梯度的情况下，这感应出电荷和热流。如果系统的某些部分的细致平衡被打破，它们也可以在两个平衡的端子之间流动（在相同的电压和温度下）。介绍了一种极小模型，该模型包括两个串联的金属岛，其内部电势和温度可以外部调制。讨论了有限电流的条件。
英文摘要：
Electrons move along potential or thermal gradients. In the presence of a global gradient, applied e.g. to the two terminals of a conductor, this induces electric charge and heat currents. They can also flow between two equilibrated terminals (at the same voltage and temperature) if detailed balance is broken in some part of the system. A minimal model involving two metallic islands in series is introduced whose internal potential and temperatures can be externally modulated. The conditions for a finite electric flow are discussed.
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