We investigate the two-particle twist-3 distribution amplitudes (DAs) of the pseudoscalar mesons, in particular pseudoscalar ($ϕ^P_{3;M}(x)$) and pseudotensor ($ϕ^σ_{3;M}(x)$) DAs of the pion and kaon, in the light-front quark model based on the variational principle. We find that the behavior of the conformal symmetry in each meson distribution amplitude depends on the chiral limit characteristics of the light-front trial wave function taken in the variational principle. We specifically take the two different light-front trial wave functions, Gaussian vs. power-law type, and discuss their characteristics of the conformal symmetry in the chiral symmetry limit as well as their resulting degree of the conformal symmetry breaking in $ϕ^P_{3;M}(x)$ and $ϕ^σ_{3;M}(x)$ depending on the trial wave function taken in the computation. We present numerical results of transverse moments, Gegenbauer-moments and $ξ$-moments and compare them with other available model estimates. The SU(3) flavor-symmetry breaking effect is also quantified with the numerical computation.
The interplay of strong and weak decay amplitudes for B -> pion-pion-kaon and B -> kaon-antikaon-kaon, with the pion-pion and kaon-antikaon pairs interacting in isospin-0 S-wave, is analyzed for pion-pion effective mass from threshold to 1.2 GeV. To improve agreement with experiment of a factorization approach with some QCD corrections, addition of long-distance contributions, called charming penguins is necessary.
We present a coupled channel partial wave analysis of nondiffractive S-wave pi+ pi- and K+ K- photoproduction focusing on the KK threshold. Final state interactions are included. We calculate total cross sections, angular and effective mass distributions in both pion-pion and kaon-antikaon channels. Our results indicate that these processes are experimentally measurable and valuable information on the f0(980) resonance structure can be obtained.
We study the low $Q^2$ wave-functions of pions and kaons as an expansion in terms of hadron-like Fock state fluctuations. In this formalism, pion and kaon wave-functions are related one another. Consequently, the knowledge of the pion structure allows the determination of parton distributions in kaons. In addition, we show that the intrinsic (low $Q^2$) sea of pions and kaons are different due to their different valence quark structure. Finally, we analize the feasibility of a method to extract kaon's parton distribution functions within this approach and compare with available experimental da…
In this presentation, we briefly review recent investigations on pion and kaon structures from the instanton vacuum. Starting from the low-energy QCD partition function, we have computed the Gasser-Leutwyler low-energy constants, electromagnetic form factors of the pion and kaon, semileptonic decay form factors of the kaon, and light-cone distribution amplitues of the pion and kaon. The results are in good agreement with the experimental and empirical data.
We present a detailed assessment of uncertainties in parton-to-pion and parton-to-kaon fragmentation functions obtained in recent global QCD analyses of single-inclusive hadron production data at next-to-leading order accuracy. We use the robust Lagrange multiplier approach for determining uncertainties to validate the applicability of the simpler but approximate Hessian method. Extensive comparisons of the results obtained within both methods are presented for the individual parton-to-pion and kaon fragmentation functions. We provide Hessian eigenvector sets of pion and kaon fragmentation fun…
We discuss the rescattering effects in decays $B\to π+K$. The picture we take is very simple: first, B decay into $K*ρ$, then $K*$ and $ρ$ go to kaon and pion by exchanging a pion. We find a up to ten percent CP violation asymmetry rate. We also discuss its correction to the constraint of angle $γ$ proposed recently.
We study S- and P-wave pion-pion and kaon-pion distributions for the three-body production processes $J/ψ\toωπ^{+}π^{-}$, $D^{+}\to K^{-}π^{+}π^{+}$, $D^{+}\to K^{+}π^{+}π^{-}$, and $D^{+}_{s}\to K^{+}π^{+}π^{-}$, by applying the Resonance-Spectrum Expansion to the two-body subamplitudes. The results are compared to the corresponding signals reported by the BES, E791 and FOCUS collaborations. We find that the studied S- and P-wave channels can largely account for the observed structures in the data up to 1 GeV.
Light constituent quark masses and the corresponding dynamical quark masses are determined by data, the quark-level linear sigma model, and infrared QCD. This allows to define effective nonstrange and strange current quark masses, which reproduce the experimental pion and kaon masses very accurately, by simple additivity. In contrast, the usual nonstrange and strange current quarks employed by the Particle Data Group and Chiral Perturbation Theory do not allow a straightforward quantitative explanation of the pion and kaon masses.
We calculate the Collins fragmentation function in the framework of a spectator model with pseudoscalar pion-quark coupling and a Gaussian form factor at the vertex. We determine the model parameters by fitting the unpolarized fragmentation function for pions and kaons. We show that the Collins function for the pions in this model is in reasonable agreement with recent parametrizations obtained by fits of the available data. In addition, we compute for the first time the Collins function for the kaons.
We discuss the pion and kaon distribution amplitudes up to twist-3 in the context of the random instanton vacuum (RIV). We construct explicitly the pertinent quasi-pion and quasi-kaon distributions in the RIV, and analyze them in leading order in the diluteness factor, at a resolution fixed by the inverse instanton size. The distribution amplitudes (DA) follow from the large momentum limit. The results at higher resolution are discussed using QCD evolution, and compared to their asymptotic limits and some lattice results.
We calculate the one-loop contributions to the difference Δ_{πK} between the isoscalar on-shell pion-kaon scattering amplitude at the Cheng-Dashen point and the scalar form factor Γ_K (2M_π^2) in the framework of three flavor chiral perturbation theory. These corrections turn out to be small. This is further sharpened by treating the kaons as heavy fields (two flavor chiral perturbation theory). We also analyze the two-loop corrections to the kaon scalar form factor based on a dispersive technique. We find that these corrections are smaller than in the comparable case of the scalar form factor…
After discussing some hints for possible masses of quasiparticles in quark matter on the basis of lattice equation of state, we present pion and kaon transverse spectra obtained by recombining quarks with distributed mass and thermal cut power-law momenta as well as fragmenting by NLO pQCD with intrinsic $k_T$ {and nuclear} broadening.
We use the Cottingham method to calculate the pion and kaon electromagnetic mass differences with as few model dependent inputs as possible. The constraints of chiral symmetry at low energy, QCD at high energy and experimental data in between are used in the dispersion relation. We find excellent agreement with experiment for the pion mass difference. The kaon mass difference exhibits a strong violation of the lowest order prediction of Dashen's theorem, in qualitative agreement with several other recent calculations.
We investigate the leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes for the pion and kaon based on the gauge-invariant nonlocal chiral quark model from the instanton vacuum in the presence of external axial-vector currents. We find that the nonlocal contribution from the gauge invariance has much effects on the pion distribution amplitudes, while it changes mildly the kaon ones. We also study the Gegenbauer moments of the distribution amplitudes and compare them with the empirical analysis of the CLEO data.
We investigate the leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes for the pion and kaon, based on the nonlocal chiral quark model from the instanton vacuum. Effects of explicit flavor SU(3)-symmetry breaking are taken into account. The Gegenbauer moments are computed, analyzed and compared with those of other models. The one-loop QCD evolution of the moments is briefly discussed. The transverse momentum distributions are also discussed for the pion and kaon light-cone wave functions.
We report the results of the working group on ``Pion (Kaon) and Sigma Polarizabilities''. Interesting possibilities to measure these polarizabilities include the radiative pion photoproduction in the MAMI experiment at Mainz, as well as at the GRAAL facility (actually the latter is being considered for an experimental determination of the pion polarizabilities here for the first time), the experimental plans on Primakoff effect at FNAL, and the measurements at the Frascati $Φ$-factory DA$Φ$NE.
Different hadron transverse momentum spectra are calculated in a non-extensive statistical, quark-coalescence model. For the low-pT part a gluonic string contribution is conjectured, its length distribution and fractality are fitted to RHIC data.
We study inelastic meson-meson scattering that is governed by quark-antiquark annihilation and creation involving a quark and an antiquark annihilating into a gluon, and subsequently the gluon creating another quark-antiquark pair. The resultant hadronic reactions include for I=1: pion + pion to rho + rho, kaon + antikaon to kaon* + antikaon*, kaon + antikaon* to kaon* + antikaon*, kaon* + antikaon to kaon* + antikaon*, as well as pion + pion to kaon + antikaon, pion + rho to kaon + antikaon*, pion + rho to kaon* + antikaon, and kaon + antikaon to rho + rho. In each reaction, one or two Feynma…
We make use of recent accurate results obtained for the pion and kaon vector form factors within a chiral unitary approach in order to calculate the decay widths of the $τ$ lepton to these mesons and also to evaluate the contribution of this two mesons to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, the running of the fine structure constant and the muonium hyperfine splitting.
Experiments at high luminosity electron-positron colliders allow to study the kaon and the pion form factors in the time-like region up to high energies. Also the kaon and the pion pair production at and around the narrow resonances J/psi and psi(2S) can be investigated, with the interference between electromagnetic and hadronic amplitudes as one of the most interesting phenomenas. Parameterisations of charged and neutral kaon as well as pion form factors, which lead to an improved description of the data in the region of large invariant masses of the meson pair, are presented. They are implem…
The pion and kaon electromagnetic form factors $F_M(Q^2)$ are calculated at the leading order of pQCD using the running coupling constant method. In calculations the leading and next-to-leading order terms in $α_S((1-x)(1-y)Q^2)$ expansion in terms of $α_S(Q^2)$ are taken into account. The resummed expression for $F_M(Q^2)$ is found. Results of numerical calculations for the pion (asymptotic distribution amplitude) are presented.
We study the very recently discovered $Θ^+$ (1540) at SPring-8, at ITEP and at CLAS-Thomas Jefferson Lab. We apply the same RGM techniques that already explained with success the repulsive hard core of nucleon-nucleon, kaon-nucleon exotic scattering, and the attractive hard core present in pion-nucleon and pion-pion non-exotic scattering. We find that the K-N repulsion excludes the Theta+ as a K-N s-wave pentaquark. We explore the Theta+ as heptaquark, equivalent to a N+pi+K borromean boundstate, with positive parity and total isospin I=0. We find that the kaon-nucleon repulsion is cancelled b…
We study the very recently discovered Theta+ (1540) at SPring-8, at ITEP and at CLAS-Thomas Jefferson Lab. We apply the same RGM techniques that already explained with success the repulsive hard core of nucleon-nucleon, kaon-nucleon exotic scattering, and the attractive hard core present in pion-nucleon and pion-pion non-exotic scattering. We find that the K-N repulsion excludes the Theta+ as a K-N s-wave pentaquark. We explore the Theta+ as a heptaquark, equivalent to a N+pi+K borromean bound-state, with positive parity and total isospin I=0. We find that the kaon-nucleon repulsion is cancell…
The estimates of parameters for the classical SU(3)-gluonic field responsible for linear confinement are given for pions and kaons. Also estimates for the characteristics of the mentioned field such as gluon concentrations, electric and magnetic colour field strengths are adduced along with those for quark velocities in mesons under discussion. Possible connection of the obtained results with potential approach and string-like picture of confinement is outlined as well.
We use recent data on K^+ -> pi^+e^+e^-, together with known values for the pion form factor, to derive the kaon electromagnetic form factor for 0 <q^2 <0.125 (GeV/c)^2. The results are then compared with predictions of the Linear sigma Model, a quark-triangle model and Vector Meson Dominance. The first two models describe the data at least qualitatively, but the simple Vector Meson Dominance picture gives a detailed quantitative fit to the experimental results.
Processes of electron-positron annihilation into charged pions and kaons are considered. Radiative corrections are taken into account exactly in the first order and within the leading logarithmic approximation in higher orders. A combined approach for accounting exact calculations and electron structure functions is used. An accuracy of the calculation can be estimated about 0.2%.
We evaluate the isospin breaking corrections to the scattering amplitude π^- K^+ -> π^- K^+ at threshold in the framework of chiral perturbation theory. This channel is of particular interest for the strong 2S-2P energy level shift in pion-kaon bound states. While a prediction of this level shift is hampered by a large uncertainty in the isoscalar scattering length, we find only a moderate uncertainty of about 3% in the electromagnetic corrections which are relevant for the extraction of the scattering lengths from experiment
Twist-3 distribution amplitudes of the pion and kaon are studied in this paper. We calculate the fist several moments for the twist-3 distribution amplitudes (ϕ_{p,σ}^πand ϕ_{p,σ}^K) of the pion and kaon by applying the QCD sum rules. Our results show that, (i) the first three moments of ϕ_p^K and the first two moments of ϕ_p^πand ϕ_σ^{π,K} of the pion and kaon can be obtained with 30% uncertainty; (ii) the fourth moment of the ϕ_p^πand the second moment of the ϕ_σ^K can be obtained when the uncertainty are relaxed to 35%; (iii) the fourth moment of the ϕ_σ^πcan be obtained only when the uncer…
We investigate the pion and kaon (pi^+, K^+, K^0) electromagnetic form factors in the space-like region: Q^2 ~< 1 GeV, based on the gauged low-energy effective chiral action from the instanton vacuum in the large N_c limit. Explicit flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking is taken into account. The nonlocal contributions turn out to be crucial to reproduce the experimental data. While the pion electromagnetic form factor is in good agreement with the data, the kaon one seems underestimated. We also calculate the electromagnetic charge radii for the pion and kaon: <r^2>_{pi^+}=0.455 fm^2, <r^2>_{K^+}=0.…
In this paper, we study O(2N)-symmetric $ϕ^4$-theory at finite temperature and density using the 2PI-1/N expansion. As specific examples, we consider pion condensation at finite isospin chemical potential and kaon condensation at finite chemical potential for hyper charge and isospin charge. We calculate the phase diagrams and the quasiparticle masses for pions and kaons in the large-N limit. It is shown that the effective potential and the gap equation can be renormalized by using local counterterms for the coupling constant and mass parameter, which are independent of temperature and chemica…
We present pion and kaon parton distribution functions from a global QCD analysis of the experimental data within the framework of dynamical parton model. We use the DGLAP equations with parton-parton recombination corrections and the valence input of uniform distribution which maximizes the information entropy. At our input scale $Q_0^2$, there are no sea quark and gluon distributions. All the sea quarks and gluons of the pion and the kaon are completely generated from the parton splitting processes. The mass-dependent parton splitting kernel is applied for the strange quark distribution in t…
Forward-backward (charge) asymmetry in the processes of $e^+e^-$ annihilation into a pair of charged pseudoscalar mesons is recalculated in the one-loop approximation. The exact dependence on the meson masses is taken into account. Results known in the literature are partially corrected. The bulk of the charge asymmetry appears due to double-photon exchange in $s$ channel. Experimental studies of the asymmetry can be used to verify the point-like approximation used in calculation of radiative corrections due to emission of photons by pions or kaons.
In framework of the chiral perturbation theory we obtain the phenomenological relations between decay branches of rare radiative kaon to pion and leptons $K^+ \to π^+ l^+ l^-$ and $K^0_S \to π^0 l^+ l^-$ and meson form factors. The comparison of these results with the present day experimental data shows us that the ChPT relations for a charge kaon can determine meson form factors from already measured decay rates at high precision level. However, in the case of the neutral kaon decays $K^0 \to π^0 e^+ e^- (μ^+ μ^-)$ the formfactor data are known to a high precision than data on the differentia…
The pion and kaon coupled-channel vector form factors are described by making use of the resonance chiral Lagrangian results together with a suitable unitarization method in order to take care of the final state interactions. A very good reproduction of experimental data is accomplished for the vector form factors up to $\sqrt{s}\leq 1.2$ GeV and for the $ππ$ P-wave phase shifts up to $\sqrt{s}\leq 1.5$ GeV.
We review our recent description of high energy forward hadronic cross sections and in particular of pion scattering data by means of Regge theory. We obtain a prediction for the total proton-proton cross section at LHC. In addition, and contrary to some suggestions in the literature we show that standard Regge behavior can accommodate both crossing symmetry and factorization. Some consequences for low energy pion-pion scattering are briefly discussed.
We carry out a theoretical and Monte Carlo study on the $J/ψ$ decays into $ωππ$ and $K\bar{K}π$ through intermediate subthreshold $ρ$ meson by using SU(3)-symmetric Lagrangian approach. It is found that the subthreshold $ρ$ contribution is not negligible and may have significant influence on partial wave analysis of resonances in these channels, especially near the $ωπ$ and $K \bar{K}$ thresholds.
We investigate the tomographical structure of pion and kaon in light cone quark model (LCQM). In particular, we study the parton distribution amplitude (PDA) of pion and kaon. We obtain the parton distribution function (PDF) and the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of the pion and kaon. The valence quark PDA and PDF of pion, after QCD evolution, are found to be consistent with the data from the E791 and the E615 experiments at Fermilab, respectively. Further, we investigate the transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) of pion and kaon. We also discuss the unpolarized TMD evolution for p…
We present the most accurate calculation for the pion and kaon electromagnetic form factors in the framework of perturbative QCD, where the power corrections up to twist-4 of the meson distribution amplitudes and the next-to-leading-order QCD corrections up to subleading power are included. In order to guarantee the gauge invariance of the meson to vacuum matrix element, we take into account both assignments with the lowest Fock state and the high Fock state with an additional valence gluon. Our results confirm the power behaviour of the twist expansion and show the chiral enhancement effect a…
We present new sets of fragmentation functions for charged pions and kaons, both at leading and next-to-leading order. They are fitted to TPC data taken at energy $\sqrt s=29$~GeV and describe excellently a wealth of other $e^+e^-$ data on charged-hadron production, ranging from $\sqrt s=5.2$~GeV way up to LEP~1 energy. They also agree with data on the production of neutral pions and kaons, if one makes the natural assumption that the respective fragmentation functions are related to the charged counterparts by SU(2) symmetry. We also list simple parameterizations of the $x$ and $Q^2$ dependen…
New, accurate measurements of the pion and kaon electromagnetic form factors are expected in the near future from experiments at electron-positron colliders,using the radiative return method. We construct a model for the timelike pion electromagnetic form factor, that is valid also at momentum transfers far above the $ρ$ resonance. The ansatz is based on vector dominance and includes a pattern of radial excitations expected from dual resonance models.The form factor is fitted to the existing data in the timelike region, continued to the spacelike region and compared with the measurements there…
We study the electromagnetic form factor of the pion and kaons at low-energies with the use of Chiral Perturbation Theory. The analysis is performed within the three flavour framework and at next-to-next-to-leading order. We explain carefully all the relevant consistency checks on the expressions, present full analytical results for the pion form factor and describe all the assumptions in the analysis. From the phenomenological point of view we make use of our expression and the available data to obtain the charge radius of the pion obtaining $<r^2 >_V^π=(0.452+-0.013) fm^2$, as well as the lo…
We calculate the Sivers distribution functions induced by the final-state interaction due to one-gluon exchange in diquark models of nucleon structure, treating the cases of scalar and axial-vector diquarks with both dipole and Gaussian form factors. We use these distribution functions to calculate the Sivers single-spin asymmetries for inclusive pion and kaon production in deep-inelastic scattering. We compare our calculations with the results of HERMES and COMPASS, finding good agreement for pi+ production at HERMES, and qualitative agreement for pi0 and K+ production. Our predictions for pi…
We investigate the role of exclusive channels in semi-inclusive electroproduction of pions and kaons. Using the QCD factorization theorem for hard exclusive processes we evaluate the cross sections for exclusive pseudoscalar and vector meson production in terms of generalized parton distributions and meson distribution amplitudes. We investigate the uncertainties arising from the modeling of the nonperturbative input quantities. Combining these results with available experimental data, we compare the cross sections for exclusive channels to that obtained from quark fragmentation in semi-inclus…
We have applied the light-front formalism to calculate the electromagnetic form factors for the pion and the kaon from two models at low and high energies in order to explore the differences between such models. We have also compared the results for the ratio $F_{K}(Q^2)/F_π(Q^2)$ with the experimental data up to 10 [GeV/c]$^2$ and we have observed that the theoretical results are in good concordance for low energies, but they are very different at higher energy scales.
Predictions are made for azimuthal asymmetries in pion and kaon production from SIDIS off a longitudinally polarized deuterium target for HERMES kinematics, based on information on the 'Collins fragmentation function' from DELPHI data and on predictions for the transversity distribution function from non-perturbative calculations in the chiral quark-soliton model. There are no free parameters in the approach, which has been already successfully applied to explain the azimuthal asymmetries from SIDIS off polarized proton targets observed by HERMES and SMC.
A combined analysis of the electromagnetic pion and kaon form factors in the neighborhood of J/psi and psi(2S) and of the strong decay amplitude of these resonances into kaons is presented. In the presence of a large relative phase between strong and electromagnetic resonance amplitudes the branching ratio, as measured in electron-positron annihilation, receives an additional contribution from the interference between resonance and continuum amplitude neglected in earlier papers. Our study is model independent and does not rely on the SU(3) symmetry assumptions used in earlier papers. We note …
We present new sets of pion and kaon fragmentation functions obtained in NLO combined analyses of single-inclusive hadron production in electron-positron annihilation, proton-proton collisions, and deep-inelastic lepton-proton scattering with either pions or kaons identified in the final state. At variance with all previous fits, the present analyses take into account data where hadrons of different electrical charge are identified, which allow to discriminate quark from anti-quark fragmentation functions without the need of non trivial flavor symmetry assumptions. The resulting sets are in go…
We analyze the electroproduction of pseudoscalar mesons within the handbag approach. To investigate these reactions, we consider the leading-twist contribution together with the transversity twist-3 effects that are crucial in the description of experimental data. Our results on the cross section are in agreement with experiment. We present our predictions for spin observables.
We study the Sivers effect in the transverse single spin asymmetries (SSA) for pion and kaon production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes. We perform a fit of A^sin(phi_h-phi_S)_UT which, by including recent high statistics experimental data for pion and kaon production from HERMES and COMPASS Collaborations, allows a new determination of the Sivers distribution functions for quarks and antiquarks with u, d and s flavours. Estimates for forthcoming SIDIS experiments at COMPASS and JLab are given.
Identical-particle (pion and kaon) femtoscopy in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with Therminator2 modeled with (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamics
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay（印度理工学院孟买分校）；University of Tsukuba（筑波大学）
利用 (3+1)D 粘性流体动力学和 THERMINATOR 2 代码研究 Pb-Pb 碰撞中介子和 K 介子的费米简缩，发现半径随对偶动量增加而减小，表明强集体性。
We present a point-by-point determination of the Sivers distributions from hadron leptoproduction data. The method, which relies on some simple assumptions, is based on the combined analysis of proton and deuteron observables. We make use of the single-spin asymmetries measured by COMPASS in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of 160 GeV muons on transversely polarized proton and deuteron targets.
The inclusive spectra of pions and kaons produced in $Be Be$ collisions as functions of their transverse momentum $p_t$ at mid-rapidity are calculated within the self-similarity approach. A satisfactory description of NA61/SHINE data on these spectra and the ratio of $K^\pm$ to $π^\pm$ meson production cross sections in $Be Be$ collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s}$ are presented. The similarity of these observables to the ones for $pp$ collisions at mid-rapidity and in the wide range of initial energies is illustrated.
S-wave photoproduction of pion and kaon pairs on hydrogen is studied. Coupled channel final state interactions between different pseudoscalar mesons are included. Effective mass and momentum transfer distributions as well as total cross sections are calculated. Effective mass distributions in the Born approximation are structureless but the final state interactions produce peaks and dips near the energies corresponding to the scalar resonances f0(980) and f0(1400). Calculations are performed in the effective mass region between the pion-pion threshold and 1.6 GeV in the range of the momentum t…
Decay rates of $B^0(t)\toπ^+π^-,~B^0\toπ^- K^+,~B^+\toπ^+ K^0~ (K_S\toπ^+π^-$) and of charge-conjugate processes are studied within flavor SU(3) symmetry and first-order SU(3) breaking. We show that these measurements can determine with a reasonable accuracy the two angles, $α$ and $γ$, of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity triangle.
The weak decay of the kaon to two pions is studied within the NJL Model. Using the standard effective weak Hamiltonian, both the decay amplitude arising from an intermediate state σ-meson and the direct decay amplitude are calculated. The effect of final state interactions is also included. When the matching scale is chosen such that the decay amplitude with isospin I=2 is close to its experimental value, the σ-meson contributes more than 85% of the total I=0 amplitude. This supports recent suggestions that the σ-meson should play a vital role in explaining the ΔI= 1/2 rule in this system.
