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arXiv 1701.01604astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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用甲醛测量大质量恒星形成分子团的动力学温度。II。大麦云云

Kinetic temperature of massive star forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde. II. The Large Magellanic Cloud

X. D. Tang, C. Henkel, C. -H. R. Chen, K. M. Menten, R. Indebetouw, X. W. Zheng, J. Esimbek, J. J. Zhou, Y. Yuan, D. L. Li, Y. X. He

摘要:

大麦云云(LMC)是离我们最近的低金属量恒星形成星系,它为研究在这样的环境中恒星形成提供了理想的实验室。经典的稠密分子气体温度计NH3在低金属度环境中很少可用,因为光电离和缺乏氮原子。我们的目标是直接测量气体动力学温度与甲醛对六个恒星形成区域的大麦哲伦星云。用APEX 12 m望远镜观测到了大麦哲伦星云6个恒星形成区中218 GHz附近的3个para-H_2CO转动跃迁。这些数据由C18 O2 -1光谱补充。使用非LTE建模与RADEX,我们推导出气体动力学温度和空间密度,作为约束条件,测量的para-H2 CO 321-220/303-202和para-H2 CO 303-202/C18 O 2-1的比例。除去静止云N159 S,其中只有一个para-H2 CO线可以被检测到,气体动力学温度从优选的para-H2 CO 321-220/303-202线比率导出的范围从35到63 K,平均为47 K。根据对位H2 CO 303-202/C18 O 2-1的线比,得到气体的空间密度为0.4- 2.9 × 10^5 cm^-3,平均值为1.5 × 10^5 cm^-3。从para-H2 CO线比得到的温度是类似的,从银河系恒星形成区用同样的方法得到的,并同意来自CO的LMC的致密区域的结果。动力学温度的比较,来自对-H2 CO与那些从灰尘也表现出良好的协议。这表明尘埃和para-H2 CO在所研究的恒星形成区域中混合良好。由para-H2 CO得到的气体动力学温度和以250 μ m通量表示的红外光度之间的相关性表明,由para-H2 CO追踪的动力学温度与大麦哲伦星云中正在进行的大质量恒星形成有关。

英文摘要:

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the closest star forming galaxy with low metallicity, provides an ideal laboratory to study star formation in such an environment. The classical dense molecular gas thermometer NH3 is rarely available in a low metallicity environment because of photoionization and a lack of nitrogen atoms. Our goal is to directly measure the gas kinetic temperature with formaldehyde toward six star-forming regions in the LMC. Three rotational transitions of para-H2CO near 218 GHz were observed with the APEX 12m telescope toward six star forming regions in the LMC. Those data are complemented by C18O 2-1 spectra. Using non-LTE modeling with RADEX, we derive the gas kinetic temperature and spatial density, using as constraints the measured para-H2CO 321-220/303-202 and para-H2CO 303-202/C18O 2-1 ratios. Excluding the quiescent cloud N159S, where only one para-H2CO line could be detected, the gas kinetic temperatures derived from the preferred para-H2CO 321-220/303-202 line ratios range from 35 to 63 K with an average of 47 K. Spatial densities of the gas derived from the paraH2CO 303-202/C18O 2-1 line ratios yield 0.4-2.9x10^5 cm^-3 with an average of 1.5x10^5 cm^-3. Temperatures derived from the para-H2CO line ratio are similar to those obtained with the same method from Galactic star forming regions and agree with results derived from CO in the dense regions of the LMC. A comparison of kinetic temperatures derived from para-H2CO with those from the dust also shows good agreement. This suggests that the dust and para-H2CO are well mixed in the studied star forming regions. A correlation between the gas kinetic temperatures derived from para-H2CO and infrared luminosity, represented by the 250um flux, suggests that the kinetic temperatures traced by para-H2CO are correlated with the ongoing massive star formation in the LMC.

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