非遗传多样性〈动〉<动>调节群体性能
Non-genetic diversity modulates population performance
摘要：
生物学功能通常由主要表达相同基因的细胞群执行，但表现出连续的表型。虽然已知一种基因型如何产生这种非遗传多样性〈动〉性<动>，但仍不清楚不同的表型如何在群体水平上促进生物功能的表现。我们开发了一种微流控装置，可以同时测量成千上万个个体的表型和趋化性能，自由游泳的大肠杆菌，因为它们爬上了引诱剂的梯度。我们发现，由于非遗传多样性〈动〉性<动>，空间结构自发地从最初混合良好的野生型种群中出现。通过操纵关键趋化性蛋白的表达，我们建立了蛋白表达、非遗传多样性〈动〉性<动>和理论预测的性能之间的因果关系。这种方法生成了一个完整的表型-性能图，其中我们发现了一个非线性机制。我们用这张图来证明改变表型分布的形状如何对集体表现产生与改变平均表型一样大的影响，这表明选择可以在适应过程中对两者都起作用。
英文摘要：
Biological functions are typically performed by groups of cells that express predominantly the same genes, yet display a continuum of phenotypes. While it is known how one genotype can generate such non-genetic diversity, it remains unclear how different phenotypes contribute to the performance of biological function at the population level. We developed a microfluidic device to simultaneously measure the phenotype and chemotactic performance of tens of thousands of individual, freely-swimming Escherichia coli as they climbed a gradient of attractant. We discovered that spatial structure spontaneously emerged from initially well-mixed wild type populations due to non-genetic diversity. By manipulating the expression of key chemotaxis proteins, we established a causal relationship between protein expression, non- genetic diversity, and performance that was theoretically predicted. This approach generated a complete phenotype-to-performance map, in which we found a nonlinear regime. We used this map to demonstrate how changing the shape of a phenotypic distribution can have as large of an effect on collective performance as changing the mean phenotype, suggesting that selection could act on both during the process of adaptation.
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