NASA/IPAC河外星系数据库中与红移无关的距离：方法、内容和NED-D的使用
Redshift-Independent Distances in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database: Methodology, Content and Use of NED-D
摘要：
基于独立于宇宙学红移的指标来估计星系距离是天体物理学的基础。研究人员用它们来建立河外距离尺度，支持对哈勃常数的估计，并研究由引力吸引引起的特殊速度，这些引力吸引扰动了星系相对于宇宙膨胀的哈勃流的运动。2006年，NASA/IPAC河外星系数据库（NED）开始提供一个与红移无关的河外星系距离估计的综合汇编。十年后，这份距离简编（NED-D）现在包含了超过100，000个基于主要和次要指标的个体估计，可用于超过28，000个星系，并从参考天文学文献中的2，000多个参考文献中汇编而成。本文介绍了NED-D的方法、内容和使用，并讨论了在编制此类距离时需要克服的挑战。目前，有75种不同的距离指示器在使用。我们包括一个数字，便于比较的指标与大量的估计方面的最低，第25百分位数，中位数，第75百分位数，和最大的距离跨越。附录中简要介绍了这些指标，包括在数据库中使用这些指标的例子。
英文摘要：
Estimates of galaxy distances based on indicators that are independent of cosmological redshift are fundamental to astrophysics. Researchers use them to establish the extragalactic distance scale, to underpin estimates of the Hubble constant, and to study peculiar velocities induced by gravitational attractions that perturb the motions of galaxies with respect to the Hubble flow of universal expansion. In 2006 the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) began making available a comprehensive compilation of redshift-independent extragalactic distance estimates. A decade later, this compendium of distances (NED-D) now contains more than 100,000 individual estimates based on primary and secondary indicators, available for more than 28,000 galaxies, and compiled from over 2,000 references in the refereed astronomical literature. This article describes the methodology, content, and use of NED-D, and addresses challenges to be overcome in compiling such distances. Currently, 75 different distance indicators are in use. We include a figure that facilitates comparison of the indicators with significant numbers of estimates in terms of the minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, and maximum distances spanned. Brief descriptions of the indicators, including examples of their use in the database, are given in an Appendix.
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