光速变化宇宙学的统计层次
Statistical hierarchy of varying speed of light cosmologies
摘要：
光速的变化在宇宙学中是一个相当有争议的问题，有一些好处，但也有一些有争议的问题。近年来，人们提出了许多方法来发展一致的变光速理论。尽管关于这些理论的可行性和可靠性已经出现了很多理论上的争论，但最明显和最直接的方法来辨别和检查这些理论是否真的可行，却被遗漏了或没有得到充分利用。这里所指的是以一种完全全面的方式将这些理论与观测数据进行比较。在本文中，我们试图解决这一点，即，通过使用最新的宇宙学探测器，我们测试了VSL理论的三个不同候选者（Barrow \& Magueijo，Avelino \& Martins和Moffat）信号。我们考虑了$c(z)$的函数形式（不能通过理论动机来固定）和暗能量动力学的许多不同的ansätze，以便有一个清晰的全局图像，我们从中提取结果。我们使用可靠的统计工具（如贝叶斯证据）比较这些结果。我们发现，目前的宇宙学数据是完全兼容的任何这些VSL的情况下，但在一种情况下（莫法特模型），我们有一个更高的贝叶斯证据比有利于VSL比在标准的$c=$恒定$Λ$ CDM的情况。此外，在这种情况下，VSL信号可以帮助加强对空间曲率的约束（具有朝向开放宇宙的指示），澄清暗能量的某些性质（排除$2σ$水平的宇宙学常数），并且由于该模型与标准模型不同的一些特殊问题，在最近的将来也是可证伪的。最后，我们应用了一些来自宇宙学，特别是信息论和引力热力学的先验知识。
英文摘要：
Variation of the speed of light is quite a debated issue in cosmology with some benefits, but also with some controversial concerns. Many approaches to develop a consistent varying speed of light (VSL) theory have been developed recently. Although a lot of theoretical debate has sprout out about their feasibility and reliability, the most obvious and straightforward way to discriminate and check if such theories are really workable has been missed out or not fully employed. What is meant here is the comparison of these theories with observational data in a fully comprehensive way. In this paper we try to address this point i.e., by using the most updated cosmological probes, we test three different candidates for a VSL theory (Barrow \& Magueijo, Avelino \& Martins, and Moffat) signal. We consider many different ansätze for both the functional form of $c(z)$ (which cannot be fixed by theoretical motivations) and for the dark energy dynamics, in order to have a clear global picture from which we extract the results. We compare these results using a reliable statistical tool such as the Bayesian Evidence. We find that the present cosmological data is perfectly compatible with any of these VSL scenarios, but in one case (Moffat model) we have a higher Bayesian Evidence ratio in favour of VSL than in the standard $c=$ constant $Λ$CDM scenario. Moreover, in such a scenario, the VSL signal can help to strengthen constraints on the spatial curvature (with indication toward an open universe), to clarify some properties of dark energy (exclusion of a cosmological constant at $2σ$ level) and is also falsifiable in the nearest future due to some peculiar issues which differentiate this model from the standard model. Finally, we have applied some priors which come from cosmology and, in particular, from information theory and gravitational thermodynamics.
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