区域V4中的预测编码：部分遮挡下的动态形状识别
Predictive coding in area V4: dynamic shape discrimination under partial occlusion
摘要：
灵长类动物的视觉系统有一个精致的能力，区分部分遮挡的形状。最近的电生理记录表明，在中间视觉皮层V4区的反应动力学，从前额叶皮层（PFC）的反馈，可能发挥了关键作用。为了探索这些发现背后的算法，我们建立和测试的V4和PFC相互作用的模型的基础上，分层预测编码框架。我们提出概率推理分两步进行。最初，V4反应仅由自下而上的感觉输入驱动，因此受到闭塞水平的强烈影响。经过一段时间的延迟，V4反应结合了前馈输入和来自PFC的反馈信号;后者反映了PFC对V4活动背后的视觉刺激的预测。我们发现，该模型捕捉到的V4和PFC动态实验中观察到的关键功能。具体来说，PFC反应是最强的闭塞刺激和延迟响应V4闭塞不太敏感，支持我们的假设，PFC的反馈信号的基础上强大的歧视闭塞的形状。因此，我们的研究提出，V4区和PFC参与分层推理，反馈信号编码自上而下的预测闭塞的形状。
英文摘要：
The primate visual system has an exquisite ability to discriminate partially occluded shapes. Recent electrophysiological recordings suggest that response dynamics in intermediate visual cortical area V4, shaped by feedback from prefrontal cortex (PFC), may play a key role. To probe the algorithms that may underlie these findings, we build and test a model of V4 and PFC interactions based on a hierarchical predictive coding framework. We propose that probabilistic inference occurs in two steps. Initially, V4 responses are driven solely by bottom-up sensory input and are thus strongly influenced by the level of occlusion. After a delay, V4 responses combine both feedforward input and feedback signals from the PFC; the latter reflect predictions made by PFC about the visual stimulus underlying V4 activity. We find that this model captures key features of V4 and PFC dynamics observed in experiments. Specifically, PFC responses are strongest for occluded stimuli and delayed responses in V4 are less sensitive to occlusion, supporting our hypothesis that the feedback signals from PFC underlie robust discrimination of occluded shapes. Thus, our study proposes that area V4 and PFC participate in hierarchical inference, with feedback signals encoding top-down predictions about occluded shapes.
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