开放费米子系统中的纠缠与热化
Entanglement and thermalization in open fermion systems
摘要：
我们数值研究了两个非相互作用的费米子模型，量子线模型和陈省身绝缘体模型，由开放系统Lindblad动力学。物理设置包括一个单一的演变“散装”耦合通过其边界到两个耗散“引线”。选择开放系统动力学来驱动引线达到热平衡，并且通过为两个引线选择不同的温度和化学势，我们可以驱动本体进入非平衡电流承载稳态。我们报告在这方面的两个主要结果。首先，我们表明，对于一个适当的选择的动力学的线索，体状态也被驱动到热平衡，即使开放系统的动力学不直接作用于它。其次，我们表明，在后期出现的稳定状态，即使在存在电流的情况下，是轻微的纠缠在这个意义上有小的互信息和条件的互信息为适当的区域。我们还报告了一些结果的速度接近稳定状态。这些结果关系到最近试图制定一个数值上易于处理的方法来计算强相互作用模型中的电流，具体来说，它们是相关的问题，设计简单的引线，可以驱动目标系统在低温下达到热平衡。
英文摘要：
We numerically study two non-interacting fermion models, a quantum wire model and a Chern insulator model, governed by open system Lindblad dynamics. The physical setup consists of a unitarily evolving "bulk" coupled via its boundaries to two dissipative "leads". The open system dynamics is chosen to drive the leads to thermal equilibrium, and by choosing different temperatures and chemical potentials for the two leads we may drive the bulk into a non-equilibrium current carrying steady state. We report two main results in this context. First, we show that for an appropriate choice of dynamics of the leads, the bulk state is also driven to thermal equilibrium even though the open system dynamics does not act directly on it. Second, we show that the steady state which emerges at late time, even in the presence of currents, is lightly entangled in the sense of having small mutual information and conditional mutual information for appropriate regions. We also report some results for the rate of approach to the steady state. These results have bearing on recent attempts to formulate a numerically tractable method to compute currents in strongly interacting models; specifically, they are relevant for the problem of designing simple leads that can drive a target system into thermal equilibrium at low temperature.
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