arXiv 1611.050422016-11-15hep-phastro-ph.COnucl-th

超越WIMP：夸克（反）金块暗物质

Beyond WIMPs: the Quark (Anti) Nugget Dark Matter

Ariel Zhitnitsky

备注：: contribution to the "Confinement XII" conference, Thessaloniki, Greece, August 2016
DOI：: 10.1051/epjconf/201713709014

摘要：

我们回顾了一个可测试的暗物质（DM）模型的标准WIMP范式之外。该模型是独特的，在某种意义上说，观察到的可见光和暗物质密度比$Ω_{\rm dark} \simeq Ω_{\rm visible}$发现其自然的解释，作为其共同的QCD起源的结果时，这两种类型的物质（DM和可见光）的QCD过渡期间形成的系统，$Λ_{\rm QCD}$的一维参数都成比例。我们认为，在有$\cal{CP}$奇轴子场$a(x)$存在的情况下，电荷分离效应也不可避免地发生在同一QCD跃迁中.它导致优先形成的一个物种的核在可见宇宙的尺度上的轴子场$a(x)$是相干的。这种优先演化的一个自然结果是，在金块形成之后，只有一种类型的可见重子（而不是反重子）留在系统中。与传统的WIMP暗物质候选者不同，金块和反金块是强烈相互作用但宏观上很大的物体。反金块与可见物质湮灭的罕见事件导致了许多可观察到的效应。我们认为，相对强度的一些测量过剩的发射从星系中心（覆盖超过11个数量级）是由标准和完善的物理学。同时，发射的绝对强度由理论中一个新的基本参数决定，即轴子质量$10^{-6} {\rm eV} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 10^{-3}{\rm eV}$。最后，我们评论了这些研究的轴子搜索实验，包括微波腔和俄耳甫斯实验的影响。

英文摘要：

We review a testable dark matter (DM) model outside of the standard WIMP paradigm. The model is unique in a sense that the observed ratio $Ω_{\rm dark} \simeq Ω_{\rm visible}$ for visible and dark matter densities finds its natural explanation as a result of their common QCD origin when both types of matter (DM and visible) are formed during the QCD transition and both are proportional to single dimensional parameter of the system, $Λ_{\rm QCD}$. We argue that the charge separation effect also inevitably occurs during the same QCD transition in the presence of the $\cal{CP}$ odd axion field $a(x)$. It leads to preferential formation of one species of nuggets on the scales of the visible Universe where the axion field $a(x)$ is coherent. A natural outcome of this preferential evolution is that only one type of the visible baryons (not anti- baryons) remain in the system after the nuggets complete their formation. Unlike conventional WIMP dark matter candidates, the nuggets and anti-nuggets are strongly interacting but macroscopically large objects. The rare events of annihilation of the anti-nuggets with visible matter lead to a number of observable effects. We argue that the relative intensities for a number of measured excesses of emission from the centre of galaxy (covering more than 11 orders of magnitude) are determined by standard and well established physics. At the same time the absolute intensity of emission is determined by a single new fundamental parameter of the theory, the axion mass, $10^{-6} {\rm eV} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 10^{-3}{\rm eV}$. Finally, we comment on implications of these studies for the axion search experiments, including microwave cavity and the Orpheus experiments.

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