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arXiv 1611.00367astro-ph.GA
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银河系终结序列

The Galaxy End Sequence

Stephen Eales, Pieter de Vis, Matthew Smith, Kiran Appah, Laure Ciesla, Chris Duffield, Simon Schofield

摘要:

一个常见的假设是,在特定恒星形成率(SSFR)与星系恒星质量的关系图上,星系属于两个不同的区域:一个恒星形成的星系主序列(GMS)和一个独立的“被动”或“红色和死亡星系”区域。从一个体积有限的邻近星系样本开始,设计包含这个体积中的大部分恒星质量,因此是120亿年星系演化结束时宇宙的公平代表,我们研究了今天这张图中星系的分布。我们发现,星系遵循一个强烈弯曲的扩展GMS与陡峭的负斜率在高星系恒星质量。沿着这个分布,星系的形态逐渐变化,但在早型和晚型星系之间没有明显的分界线。检查有两个不同的人口的其他证据,我们认为,“红色序列”是星系的颜色变化非常小的SSFR的临界值以下的结果,而不是意味着一个独特的人口的星系,赫歇尔观测,这表明至少有一半的早期型星系包含一个凉爽的星际介质,也意味着早期型和晚期型星系之间的连续性。这张星系单一族群的图像需要更渐进的演化过程,而不是解释两个不同族群所需的快速淬火过程。我们向理论家提出挑战,要求他们重现这一“银河系终结序列”的性质。

英文摘要:

A common assumption is that galaxies fall in two distinct regions on a plot of specific star-formation rate (SSFR) versus galaxy stellar mass: a star-forming Galaxy Main Sequence (GMS) and a separate region of `passive' or `red and dead galaxies'. Starting from a volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies designed to contain most of the stellar mass in this volume, and thus being a fair representation of the Universe at the end of 12 billion years of galaxy evolution, we investigate the distribution of galaxies in this diagram today. We show that galaxies follow a strongly curved extended GMS with a steep negative slope at high galaxy stellar masses. There is a gradual change in the morphologies of the galaxies along this distribution, but there is no clear break between early-type and late-type galaxies. Examining the other evidence that there are two distinct populations, we argue that the `red sequence' is the result of the colours of galaxies changing very little below a critical value of the SSFR, rather than implying a distinct population of galaxies, and that Herschel observations, which show at least half of early-type galaxies contain a cool interstellar medium, also imply continuity between early-type and late-type galaxies. This picture of a unitary population of galaxies requires more gradual evolutionary processes than the rapid quenching processes needed to to explain two distinct populations. We challenge theorists to reproduce the properties of this `Galaxy End Sequence'.

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