在COMSOL中模拟器官形成：基于相场的胚胎肺分支形成仿真
Simulating Organogenesis in COMSOL: Phase-Field Based Simulations of Embryonic Lung Branching Morphogenesis
AI总结：
本文基于相场方法在COMSOL中模拟胚胎肺分支形成，提出利用配体-受体基于的Turing模型解释胚胎肺发育中的生长控制机制。
摘要：
器官形成已研究数十年，但关于生长和形状控制的基本问题仍未解决。我们最近证明，所有提出的数学模型中只有基于配体-受体的Turing模型能够重现实验确定的胚胎肺生长场，从而提供胚胎肺发育中的生长控制机制。Turing模型基于至少两个耦合的非线性反应-扩散方程。在肺模型中，至少需要考虑两个不同的层（间质层和上皮层），它们分别表达不同的成分（配体和受体）。任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）方法先前已被用于在生长和变形（分支）域上求解此Turing系统，其中生长成比例于配体-受体信号的强度。然而，ALE方法需要网格变形，最终限制了其应用。因此，我们采用相场方法在COMSOL中模拟3D胚胎肺分支形成。
英文摘要：
Organogenesis has been studied for decades, but fundamental questions regarding the control of growth and shape remain unsolved. We have recently shown that of all proposed mathematical models only ligand-receptor based Turing models successfully reproduce the experimentally determined growth fields of the embryonic lung and thus provide a mechanism for growth control during embryonic lung development. Turing models are based on at least two coupled non-linear reaction-diffusion equations. In case of the lung model, at least two distinct layers (mesenchyme and epithelium) need to be considered that express different components (ligand and receptor, respectively). The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method has previously been used to solve this Turing system on growing and deforming (branching) domains, where outgrowth occurs proportional to the strength of ligand-receptor signalling. However, the ALE method requires mesh deformations that eventually limit its use. Therefore, we incorporate the phase field method to simulate 3D embryonic lung branching with COMSOL.
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