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arXiv 1610.09007astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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HARPS M矮星样本中的磁性活动。通过R' HK研究极低质量恒星的转动-活动关系

Magnetic activity in the HARPS M-dwarf sample. The rotation-activity relationship for very low-mass stars through R'HK

Nicola Astudillo-Defru, Xavier Delfosse, Xavier Bonfils, Thierry Forveille, Christophe Lovis, Julien Rameau

摘要:

具有对流包层的恒星大气磁场加热恒星色球层。从历史上的Mount Wilson监测计划开始,CaH&K线就被广泛用于追踪恒星的磁活动,并作为自转周期和恒星年龄的代理。在太阳系外行星调查中,监测恒星活动对于过滤由于磁活动而产生的误报也至关重要。传统上,Ca H& K的发射是通过R 'HK指数来量化的,该指数将双星中的色球通量与恒星的总热通量进行比较。已经做了大量的工作来描述FGK-矮星的这个指数,但是M-矮星被排除在这些分析之外,并且到目前为止还没有将它们的Ca ii H&K发射校准到R 'HK。我们开始描述低质量和非常低质量恒星的磁活动,通过提供扩展到M矮星领域的R 'HK指数的校准,并通过评估R' HK和旋转周期之间的关系。我们校准了M矮星的辐射热因子和光球因子,以正确地将S指数转换为R 'HK。我们通过在HARPS M-矮星样本中的Ca ii H&K发射线监测磁活动。R 'HK指数和分数X射线光度L_X/Lbol一样,与自转存在饱和相关,饱和周期在10天左右。在此期间以上,较慢的转子显示较弱的钙ii活动,如预期的那样。在此期间,R 'HK指数饱和到约10^-4。恒星质量调节Ca ii的活动,R 'HK在0.6Msun以上显示出恒定的基础活动,然后在0.6Msun和0.35Msun的完全对流极限之间随着质量的降低而降低。活动的短期变率与其平均水平相关,具有较高R 'HK指数的恒星显示出较大的R' HK变率,就像以前观察到的早期光谱类型一样。

英文摘要:

Atmospheric magnetic fields in stars with convective envelopes heat stellar chromospheres. Starting with the historical Mount Wilson monitoring program, CaH&K lines have been widely used to trace stellar magnetic activity, and as a proxy for rotation period and consequently for stellar age. Monitoring stellar activity has also become essential in filtering out false-positives due to magnetic activity in extra-solar planet surveys. The Ca H&Kemission is traditionally quantified through the R'HK-index, which compares the chromospheric flux in the doublet to the overall bolometric flux of the star. Much work has been done to characterize this index for FGK-dwarfs, but M-dwarfs were left out of these analyses and no calibration of their Ca ii H&K emission to an R'HK exists to date. We set out to characterize the magnetic activity of the low and very low-mass stars by providing a calibration of the R'HK-index that extends to the realm of M-dwarfs, and by evaluating the relation between R'HK and the rotation period. We calibrated the bolometric and photospheric factors for M-dwarfs to properly transform the S-index into the R'HK. We monitored magnetic activity through the Ca ii H&K emission lines in the HARPS M-dwarf sample. The R'HK index, like the fractional X-ray luminosity L_X/Lbol, shows a saturated correlation with rotation, with saturation setting in around a ten days rotation period. Above that period, slower rotators show weaker Ca ii activity, as expected. Under that period, the R'HK index saturates to ~10^-4. Stellar mass modulates the Ca ii activity, with R'HK showing a constant basal activity above 0.6Msun and then decreasing with mass between 0.6Msun and the fully-convective limit of 0.35Msun. Short-term variability of the activity correlates with its mean level, stars with higher R'HK index show larger R'HK variability, as previously observed for earlier spectral types.

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