~（14）C核中一种链状结构的实验研究
Experimental investigation of a linear-chain structure in the nucleus 14C
摘要：
众所周知，在原子核的内部可以形成一个核子团簇，并且这种团簇可以占据类似分子的轨道，显示出与由原子组成的正常分子相似的特征。具有线性排列的化学分子在自然界中常见，例如二氧化碳。自20世纪50年代以来，人们一直在研究核团簇的类似线性排列，称为线性链团簇态（LCCS），但到目前为止，还没有明确的实验证据证明这种状态的存在。最近，有人提出，过量的中子可能会提供这样一种稳定机制，重新激发人们对核LCCS的兴趣，特别是预测它们会出现在富含中子的碳同位素中。本文介绍了放射性~（14）C核α团簇态的实验观测。用放射性核束~（10）Be +α共振散射方法，我们观察到一系列与理论预言完全一致的能级，它们具有明确的线性链状团簇构型。我们认为这是第一个强烈的迹象，线性链簇核。
英文摘要：
It is a well-known fact that a cluster of nucleons can be formed in the interior of an atomic nucleus, and such clusters may occupy molecular-like orbitals, showing characteristics similar to normal molecules consisting of atoms. Chemical molecules having a linear alignment are commonly seen in nature, such as carbon dioxide. A similar linear alignment of the nuclear clusters, referred to as linear-chain cluster state (LCCS), has been studied since the 1950s, however, up to now there is no clear experimental evidence demonstrating the existence of such a state. Recently, it was proposed that an excess of neutrons may offer just such a stabilizing mechanism, revitalizing interest in the nuclear LCCS, specifically with predictions for their emergence in neutron-rich carbon isotopes. Here we present the experimental observation of α-cluster states in the radioactive 14C nucleus. Using the 10Be+α resonant scattering method with a radioactive beam, we observed a series of levels which completely agree with theoretically predicted levels having an explicit linear-chain cluster configuration. We regard this as the first strong indication of the linear-chain clustered nucleus.
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