We give an explicit formula for the probability distribution based on a relativistic extension of Brownian motion. The distribution 1) is properly normalized and 2) obeys the tower law (semigroup property), so we can construct martingales and self-financing hedging strategies and price claims (options). This model is a 1-constant-parameter extension of the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The new parameter is the analog of the speed of light in Special Relativity. However, in the financial context there is no "speed limit" and the new parameter has the meaning of a characteristic diffusion speed at which relativistic effects become important and lead to a much softer asymptotic behavior, i.e., fat tails, giving rise to volatility smiles. We argue that a nonlocal stochastic description of such (Levy) processes is inadequate and discuss a local description from physics. The presentation is intended to be pedagogical.
Weak approximations and VIX option price expansions in forward variance curve models
我们在远期方差模型中提供了波动率指数期货和期权的显式近似公式,特别强调了所谓的Bergomi模型家族:单因子Bergomi模型[Bergomi,Smile dynamics II,Risk,2005],粗糙Bergomi模型[Bayer,Friz和Gatheral,Pricing under rough volatility,量化金融,16(6):887-904,2016],以及可以为VIX微笑生成现实正偏斜的粗糙模型的增强版本-由De Marco [Bachelier World Congress,2018]和Guyon [Bachelier World Congress,[Bergomi,Smile dynamics III,Risk,2008],我们称之为“混合粗糙Bergomi模型”。根据[Gobet和Miri,Weak approximation of averaged diffusion processes.随机过程。应用程序、124(1):475-504,2014],我们推导出VIX定律的弱近似,导致在Black-Scholes价格和greek的显式组合形式下的期权价格近似。作为新的贡献,我们处理了粗糙模型中出现的分数积分核,并处理了非光滑支付的情况,因此包括VIX期货,看涨期权和看跌期权。我们强调,我们的方法不依赖于小的时间渐近,也不小的参数(如小波动率的波动率)的…
Closed-form Solutions of Relativistic Black-Scholes Equations
当速度接近光速时,相对论相对于经典力学的胜利给我们带来了启示,我们通过考虑相对论版本的布莱克-斯科尔斯(Black and Scholes(1973))期权定价公式,然后找到相应的解决方案,探索了对该公式的类似改进。我们表明,我们的解决方案提供了一个显着的改善竞争的解决方案(例如,Romero and Zubieta-Martinez(2016)),得到了一个新的封闭形式的期权定价公式,其中包含信息传递速度极限c作为新的参数。严格证明了新公式在c趋于无穷大时收敛于Black-Scholes公式。当c是有限的时,新公式可以使标准的波动率微笑变平,这与经验观察更加一致。此外,从我们的新公式中产生了另一种股票价格分布族,它提供了更好的拟合,收敛于对数正态分布,并有助于更好地解释波动率偏斜。