Equality of Opportunity in Supervised Learning

Equality of opportunity in travel behavior prediction with deep neural networks and discrete choice models

Although researchers increasingly adopt machine learning to model travel behavior, they predominantly focus on prediction accuracy, ignoring the ethical challenges embedded in machine learning algorithms. This study introduces an important missing dimension - computational fairness - to travel behavior analysis. We first operationalize computational fairness by equality of opportunity, then differentiate between the bias inherent in data and the bias introduced by modeling. We then demonstrate the prediction disparities in travel behavior modeling using the 2017 National Household Travel Surve…

用于近似约束优化的自监督等式嵌入深度拉格朗日对偶

Self-supervised Equality Embedded Deep Lagrange Dual for Approximate Constrained Optimization

本文提出无标签框架DeepLDE，通过将等式约束嵌入神经网络并用原始-对偶方法施加不等式约束，实现快速且确保可行性的近似约束优化，计算速度比传统求解器快5至250倍。

Fairness GAN

In this paper, we introduce the Fairness GAN, an approach for generating a dataset that is plausibly similar to a given multimedia dataset, but is more fair with respect to protected attributes in allocative decision making. We propose a novel auxiliary classifier GAN that strives for demographic parity or equality of opportunity and show empirical results on several datasets, including the CelebFaces Attributes (CelebA) dataset, the Quick, Draw!\ dataset, and a dataset of soccer player images and the offenses they were called for. The proposed formulation is well-suited to absorbing unlabeled…

Achieving Fairness via Post-Processing in Web-Scale Recommender Systems

Building fair recommender systems is a challenging and crucial area of study due to its immense impact on society. We extended the definitions of two commonly accepted notions of fairness to recommender systems, namely equality of opportunity and equalized odds. These fairness measures ensure that equally "qualified" (or "unqualified") candidates are treated equally regardless of their protected attribute status (such as gender or race). We propose scalable methods for achieving equality of opportunity and equalized odds in rankings in the presence of position bias, which commonly plagues data…

Discovering Fair Representations in the Data Domain

Interpretability and fairness are critical in computer vision and machine learning applications, in particular when dealing with human outcomes, e.g. inviting or not inviting for a job interview based on application materials that may include photographs. One promising direction to achieve fairness is by learning data representations that remove the semantics of protected characteristics, and are therefore able to mitigate unfair outcomes. All available models however learn latent embeddings which comes at the cost of being uninterpretable. We propose to cast this problem as data-to-data trans…

EqGNN: Equalized Node Opportunity in Graphs

Graph neural networks (GNNs), has been widely used for supervised learning tasks in graphs reaching state-of-the-art results. However, little work was dedicated to creating unbiased GNNs, i.e., where the classification is uncorrelated with sensitive attributes, such as race or gender. Some ignore the sensitive attributes or optimize for the criteria of statistical parity for fairness. However, it has been shown that neither approaches ensure fairness, but rather cripple the utility of the prediction task. In this work, we present a GNN framework that allows optimizing representations for the n…

Tuning Fairness by Balancing Target Labels

The issue of fairness in machine learning models has recently attracted a lot of attention as ensuring it will ensure continued confidence of the general public in the deployment of machine learning systems. We focus on mitigating the harm incurred by a biased machine learning system that offers better outputs (e.g. loans, job interviews) for certain groups than for others. We show that bias in the output can naturally be controlled in probabilistic models by introducing a latent target output. This formulation has several advantages: first, it is a unified framework for several notions of gro…

公平性度量在类别不平衡与受保护群体比例变化情境下的性质研究

Properties of fairness measures in the context of varying class imbalance and protected group ratios

本文研究类别不平衡与受保护群体比例变化下公平性度量的一般性质，分析六种流行度量的概率质量函数，发现机会均等和阳性预测均等对类别不平衡更敏感，为选择合适公平性度量提供指导。