在Pan-STARRS1中系统寻找周期变化类星体：中深巡天MD09的扩展基线检验
A Systematic Search for Periodically Varying Quasars in Pan-STARRS1: An Extended Baseline Test in Medium Deep Survey Field MD09
摘要：
我们提出了一个系统的搜索周期性变化的类星体和超大质量黑洞二（SMBHB）候选人在泛星1（PS1）中深巡天的MD 09字段。从一个颜色选择的样本670个类星体提取的多波段深堆栈目录的点源，我们本地选择变量类星体，并寻找相干周期与Lomb-Scargle周期图。我们的样品中的三个候选者表现出超过3个周期的强可变性，并且它们的PS1光变曲线很好地拟合正弦函数。我们测试的持续性的候选人的明显的周期性变化检测在4.2年的PS1调查与档案测光数据从SDSS条纹82调查或新的监测与大型单片成像仪在探索频道望远镜。在7 ~ 14年的扩展基线内，这三个周期性候选天体（包括PSO J334.2028+1.4075）中没有一个能够持续存在，对应于在5 ° ^[2]的搜索区域内，670个类星体中的探测率< 1。尽管SMBHB应该是星系等级增长的共同产物，并且SMBHB的周期性变化在理论上已经被预测，但在大型光学测量中对这种特征的系统搜索受到其时间基线和与正常类星体变化相关的“红噪声”的强烈限制。我们表明，后续长期监测（>5个周期）是至关重要的，我们对这些系统的搜索。
英文摘要：
We present a systematic search for periodically varying quasars and supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) candidates in the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Medium Deep Survey's MD09 field. From a color-selected sample of 670 quasars extracted from a multi-band deep-stack catalog of point sources, we locally select variable quasars and look for coherent periods with the Lomb-Scargle periodogram. Three candidates from our sample demonstrate strong variability for more than ~3 cycles, and their PS1 light curves are well fitted to sinusoidal functions. We test the persistence of the candidates' apparent periodic variations detected during the 4.2 years of the PS1 survey with archival photometric data from the SDSS Stripe 82 survey or new monitoring with the Large Monolithic Imager at the Discovery Channel Telescope. None of the three periodic candidates (including PSO J334.2028+1.4075) remain persistent over the extended baseline of 7 - 14 years, corresponding to a detection rate of < 1 in 670 quasars in a search area of 5 deg^2. Even though SMBHBs should be a common product of the hierarchal growth of galaxies, and periodic variability in SMBHBs has been theoretically predicted, a systematic search for such signatures in a large optical survey is strongly limited by its temporal baseline and the "red noise" associated with normal quasar variability. We show that follow-up long-term monitoring (>5 cycles) is crucial to our search for these systems.
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