通过表面张力驱动的电荷分离的能量转换
Energy conversion by surface-tension driven charge separation
摘要：
在这项工作中，剪切诱导的电动流动电位存在于自由表面电解液流进行表面张力的梯度进行评估。首先，对于具有完全可分辨双电层（EDL）的Couette流，分析了单位表面应力下的流动势与德拜参数和表面势的关系。通过对比的Smoluchowski限制在压力驱动的通道流，剪切诱导的流动电位消失的德拜参数（无限薄的EDL），除非自由表面包含（诱导）表面电荷或在充电，固体壁的流动被允许滑动。其次，提出了表面张力诱导流动的技术实现，其中表面应力作用在微结构化超疏水壁的自由（滑动）表面上。相对于滑移参数和表面电荷的流动电位进行了分析。最后，假定表面张力随温度（热毛细作用）或表面活性剂浓度（去毛细作用）而变化。最大热效率的推导和比较卡诺效率。对于大的热Marangoni数，效率受到水溶剂的大热容的严重限制。相比之下，蒸馏毛细管流可以达到类似于压力驱动流的转换效率。
英文摘要：
In this work, the shear-induced electrokinetic streaming potential present in free-surface electrolytic flows subjected to a gradient in surface tension is assessed. Firstly, for a Couette flow with fully resolved electric double layer (EDL), the streaming potential per surface stress as a function of the Debye parameter and surface potential is analyzed. By contrast to the Smoluchowski limit in pressure-driven channel flow, the shear-induced streaming potential vanishes for increasing Debye parameter (infinitely thin EDL), unless the free surface contains (induced) surface charge or the flow at the charged, solid wall is permitted to slip. Secondly, a technical realization of surface-tension induced streaming is proposed, with surface stress acting on the free (slipping) surfaces of a micro-structured, superhydrophobic wall. The streaming potential is analyzed with respect to the slip parameter and surface charge. Finally, the surface tension is assumed to vary with temperature (thermocapillarity) or with surfactant concentration (destillocapillarity). The maximal thermal efficiency is derived and compared to the Carnot efficiency. For large thermal Marangoni number, the efficiency is severely limited by the large heat capacity of aqueous solvents. By contrast, destillocapillary flows may reach conversion efficiencies similar to pressure-driven flow.
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