观察性研究的最优设计：综述与综合
Optimal design of observational studies: overview and synthesis
摘要：
我们回顾了观察性研究规划中遇到的典型设计问题，并提出了一个统一的框架，使我们能够使用相同的概念和符号来解决不同的问题。在该框架中，设计被定义为观测过程空间中的一个概率测度，该过程确定在给定时间特定单元是否观测到变量的值。然后根据贝叶斯决策论，将最优设计定义为使与设计相关的期望效用最大化的设计。我们提出的例子上使用的框架和讨论的方法来获得最佳或近似最优设计。
英文摘要：
We review typical design problems encountered in the planning of observational studies and propose a unifying framework that allows us to use the same concepts and notation for different problems. In the framework, the design is defined as a probability measure in the space of observational processes that determine whether the value of a variable is observed for a specific unit at the given time. The optimal design is then defined, according to Bayesian decision theory, to be the one that maximizes the expected utility related to the design. We present examples on the use of the framework and discuss methods for deriving optimal or approximately optimal designs.
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